Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōfą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *krāpo-, *ḱrapo- (“roof”), from Proto-Indo-European *krāwə- (“to cover, heap”).

Cognate with Irish cró (“pen, barn, cabin”), Proto-Slavic *stropъ.

Noun

*hrōfą n

1. roof

   Synonym: *hrōtą

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *hrōfą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hrōfą	*hrōfō
vocative	*hrōfą	*hrōfō
accusative	*hrōfą	*hrōfō
genitive	*hrōfas, *hrōfis	*hrōfǫ̂
dative	*hrōfai	*hrōfamaz
instrumental	*hrōfō	*hrōfamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hrōf
  • Old English: hrōf
    • Middle English: rof, roof, ruffe
      • English: roof
      • Scots: ruf, ruif
  • Old Frisian: hrōf
  • Old Saxon: *hrōf
    • Middle Low German: rôf
      • Low German: Roof
        • → German: Roof
  • Old Dutch: *ruof
    • Middle Dutch: roef, rouf
      • Dutch: roef
        • → French: rouf
        • → Norwegian: ruff
        • → Swedish: ruff
        • → Danish: ruf
          • → Icelandic: rúff
          • → Faroese: ruff
  • Old High German: ruof
• Old Norse: hróf
  • Icelandic: hróf
  • Faroese: rógv (possibly)
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: rōv (“collapsed building”) (likely merged with *rubą)
  • Old Swedish: rōgh
    • Swedish: ro (dialectal)