Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnipōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *hnīpōną

Etymology

Kroonen reconstructs this as an iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *knibʰ-néh₂-ti. Related to Lithuanian knibti (“to sink, collapse”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxni.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnipōną

1. to be downcast
2. to bow

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnipōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnipō	*hnipǭ	—	*hnipōi	?
2nd singular	*hnipōsi	*hnipōs	*hnipō	*hnipōsai	*hnipōsau
3rd singular	*hnipōþi	*hnipō	*hnipōþau	*hnipōþai	*hnipōþau
1st dual	*hnipōs	*hnipōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnipōþiz	*hnipōþiz	*hnipōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnipōmaz	*hnipōm	—	*hnipōnþai	*hnipōnþau
2nd plural	*hnipōþ	*hnipōþ	*hnipōþ	*hnipōnþai	*hnipōnþau
3rd plural	*hnipōnþi	*hnipōn	*hnipōnþau	*hnipōnþai	*hnipōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnipōdǭ	*hnipōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnipōdēz	*hnipōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hnipōdē	*hnipōdēdī
1st dual	*hnipōdēdū	*hnipōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hnipōdēdudiz	*hnipōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnipōdēdum	*hnipōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hnipōdēdud	*hnipōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hnipōdēdun	*hnipōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hnipōndz	*hnipōdaz

Related terms

• *hnipnaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hnipōn
  • Old English: hnipian
    • Middle English: nipen
• Old Norse: hnipa, hnípa
  • Icelandic: hnípa