Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnewwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *knewH-e-ti, from *knewH- (“to scrape, scratch, rub”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κνύω (knúō, “to scratch”), Latvian knüt (“to itch”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxnew.wɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnewwaną

1. to knock, to push, to shove

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnewwaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnewwō	*hnewwaų	—	*hnewwai	?
2nd singular	*hniwwizi	*hnewwaiz	*hneww	*hnewwazai	*hnewwaizau
3rd singular	*hniwwidi	*hnewwai	*hnewwadau	*hnewwadai	*hnewwaidau
1st dual	*hnewwōz	*hnewwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnewwadiz	*hnewwaidiz	*hnewwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnewwamaz	*hnewwaim	—	*hnewwandai	*hnewwaindau
2nd plural	*hniwwid	*hnewwaid	*hniwwid	*hnewwandai	*hnewwaindau
3rd plural	*hnewwandi	*hnewwain	*hnewwandau	*hnewwandai	*hnewwaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnau(w)	*hnuwį̄
2nd singular	*hnau(w)t	*hnuwīz
3rd singular	*hnau(w)	*hnuwī
1st dual	*hnuwū	*hnuwīw
2nd dual	*hnuwudiz	*hnuwīdiz
1st plural	*hnuwum	*hnuwīm
2nd plural	*hnuwud	*hnuwīd
3rd plural	*hnuwun	*hnuwīn
	present	past
participles	*hnewwandz	*hnuwanaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hneuwan
  • Old High German: hniuwan, niuwan
    • Middle High German: niuwen
• Old Norse: hnøggva, hnyggja (“to strike, cut off”)
  • Elfdalian: negga (“to butt”)