Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hleutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

The pre-Germanic root form *klewd- seems unattested outside Germanic, but it is likely an extension of the same Proto-Indo-European root *klewH- (“lot, fate”) as seen in Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to stick, hang on”) and Latvian kļũt (“to become, succeed”), especially in view of Latvian kļũtas (“fate”).^[1]^[2]

Less likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)klēh₂w- (“to shut, close, lock; to check, hamper, hem in”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxleu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hleutaną^[1]^[2]

to cast lots
to be alotted
to obtain by lot, to beget, to acquire

Inflection

Conjugation of *hleutaną (strong class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hleutō	*hleutaų	—	*hleutai	?
2nd singular	*hliutizi	*hleutaiz	*hleut	*hleutazai	*hleutaizau
3rd singular	*hliutidi	*hleutai	*hleutadau	*hleutadai	*hleutaidau
1st dual	*hleutōz	*hleutaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hleutadiz	*hleutaidiz	*hleutadiz	—	—
1st plural	*hleutamaz	*hleutaim	—	*hleutandai	*hleutaindau
2nd plural	*hliutid	*hleutaid	*hliutid	*hleutandai	*hleutaindau
3rd plural	*hleutandi	*hleutain	*hleutandau	*hleutandai	*hleutaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlaut	*hlutį̄
2nd singular	*hlaust	*hlutīz
3rd singular	*hlaut	*hlutī
1st dual	*hlutū	*hlutīw
2nd dual	*hlutudiz	*hlutīdiz
1st plural	*hlutum	*hlutīm
2nd plural	*hlutud	*hlutīd
3rd plural	*hlutun	*hlutīn

	present	past
participles	*hleutandz	*hlutanaz

Synonyms

*hlutōną

Related terms

Derived terms

*hlutjô

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hleutan
- Old English: hlēotan
- Old Saxon: hliotan
- Old High German: hliozan, liozan
  - Middle High German: liezen
Old Norse: hljóta
- Icelandic: hljóta
- Faroese: ljóta
- Old Swedish: liūta
  - Swedish: ljuta
→? Proto-Finnic: *leütädäk

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hleutan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 230
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xleutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hleutan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 230

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xleutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176

[1]

[2]