Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hawāną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Indo-European *kew-.[1] Cognate Lithuanian kuvḗtis (“to be ashamed”).

Verb

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*hawāną[1]

  1. to mock
Inflection
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Conjugation of *hawāną (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hawō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *hawaisi ? *hawai *hawāsai ?
3rd singular *hawaiþi ? *hawāþau *hawāþai ?
1st dual *hawōs ? — — —
2nd dual *hawāþiz ? *hawāþiz — —
1st plural *hawāmaz ? — *hawānþai ?
2nd plural *hawaiþ ? *hawaiþ *hawānþai ?
3rd plural *hawānþi ? *hawānþau *hawānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hawadǭ *hawadēdį̄
2nd singular *hawadēz *hawadēdīz
3rd singular *hawadē *hawadēdī
1st dual *hawadēdū *hawadēdīw
2nd dual *hawadēdudiz *hawadēdīdiz
1st plural *hawadēdum *hawadēdīm
2nd plural *hawadēdud *hawadēdīd
3rd plural *hawadēdun *hawadēdīn
present past
participles *hawāndz *hawadaz
Descendants
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  • Old Norse: há

Etymology 2

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The verb could also be reconstructed as *hēwijaną, but in view of Latvian kavêt (“to prevent”), *hawāną is more likely.[2] Also cognate with Latin caveo (“to take care, beware”).

Verb

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*hawāną[2]

  1. to observe
Inflection
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Conjugation of *hawāną (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hawō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *hawaisi ? *hawai *hawāsai ?
3rd singular *hawaiþi ? *hawāþau *hawāþai ?
1st dual *hawōs ? — — —
2nd dual *hawāþiz ? *hawāþiz — —
1st plural *hawāmaz ? — *hawānþai ?
2nd plural *hawaiþ ? *hawaiþ *hawānþai ?
3rd plural *hawānþi ? *hawānþau *hawānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hawadǭ *hawadēdį̄
2nd singular *hawadēz *hawadēdīz
3rd singular *hawadē *hawadēdī
1st dual *hawadēdū *hawadēdīw
2nd dual *hawadēdudiz *hawadēdīdiz
1st plural *hawadēdum *hawadēdīm
2nd plural *hawadēdud *hawadēdīd
3rd plural *hawadēdun *hawadēdīn
present past
participles *hawāndz *hawadaz
Descendants
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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hawēn-1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hawēn-2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217/218
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