Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hardį̄
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From *harduz (“hard”) + *-į̄ (“-th, abstract nominal suffix”).[1]
Noun
[edit]*hardį̄ f[1]
Inflection
[edit]| īn-stemDeclension of *hardį̄ (īn-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *hardį̄ | *hardīniz | |
| vocative | *hardį̄ | *hardīniz | |
| accusative | *hardīnų | *hardīnunz | |
| genitive | *hardīniz | *hardīnǫ̂ | |
| dative | *hardīni | *hardīmaz | |
| instrumental | *hardīnē | *hardīmiz | |
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Of uncertain origin, with a quasi-Indo-European form along the lines of *kort-íh₂-. Kroonen adduces no extra-Germanic cognates and leaves the origin open,[2] while Orel considers the term originally identical with the "rigidity" sense of Etymology 1, referring to the firmness of shoulders.[3]
Noun
[edit]*hardį̄ f[3]
Inflection
[edit]| īn-stemDeclension of *hardį̄ (īn-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *hardį̄ | *hardīniz | |
| vocative | *hardį̄ | *hardīniz | |
| accusative | *hardīnų | *hardīnunz | |
| genitive | *hardīniz | *hardīnǫ̂ | |
| dative | *hardīni | *hardīmaz | |
| instrumental | *hardīnē | *hardīmiz | |
Synonyms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xardīn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hardī-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 211
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xarđīn ~ *xarđjō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161