Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamalōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hamalaz (“mutilated”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑ.mɑ.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hamalōną

1. to mutilate

Inflection

Conjugation of *hamalōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hamalō	*hamalǭ	—	*hamalōi	?
2nd singular	*hamalōsi	*hamalōs	*hamalō	*hamalōsai	*hamalōsau
3rd singular	*hamalōþi	*hamalō	*hamalōþau	*hamalōþai	*hamalōþau
1st dual	*hamalōs	*hamalōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hamalōþiz	*hamalōþiz	*hamalōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hamalōmaz	*hamalōm	—	*hamalōnþai	*hamalōnþau
2nd plural	*hamalōþ	*hamalōþ	*hamalōþ	*hamalōnþai	*hamalōnþau
3rd plural	*hamalōnþi	*hamalōn	*hamalōnþau	*hamalōnþai	*hamalōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hamalōdǭ	*hamalōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hamalōdēz	*hamalōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hamalōdē	*hamalōdēdī
1st dual	*hamalōdēdū	*hamalōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hamalōdēdudiz	*hamalōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hamalōdēdum	*hamalōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hamalōdēdud	*hamalōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hamalōdēdun	*hamalōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hamalōndz	*hamalōdaz

Alternative forms

• *hamlōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hamalōn
  • Old English: hamelian
  • Old Frisian: homelia
  • Old High German: hamalōn
    • Middle High German: hamelen, hemelen
      • German: hammeln, hämmeln (obsolete)
• Old Norse: hamla
  • Icelandic: hamla