Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gumbōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *gumpōną

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰemb- (“to hop, jump”).

Verb

*gumbōną

1. to cause to hop, skip, or bounce; to jolt, push, shove

Inflection

Conjugation of *gumbōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gumbō	*gumbǭ	—	*gumbōi	?
2nd singular	*gumbōsi	*gumbōs	*gumbō	*gumbōsai	*gumbōsau
3rd singular	*gumbōþi	*gumbō	*gumbōþau	*gumbōþai	*gumbōþau
1st dual	*gumbōs	*gumbōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gumbōþiz	*gumbōþiz	*gumbōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gumbōmaz	*gumbōm	—	*gumbōnþai	*gumbōnþau
2nd plural	*gumbōþ	*gumbōþ	*gumbōþ	*gumbōnþai	*gumbōnþau
3rd plural	*gumbōnþi	*gumbōn	*gumbōnþau	*gumbōnþai	*gumbōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gumbōdǭ	*gumbōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*gumbōdēz	*gumbōdēdīz
3rd singular	*gumbōdē	*gumbōdēdī
1st dual	*gumbōdēdū	*gumbōdēdīw
2nd dual	*gumbōdēdudiz	*gumbōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*gumbōdēdum	*gumbōdēdīm
2nd plural	*gumbōdēdud	*gumbōdēdīd
3rd plural	*gumbōdēdun	*gumbōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*gumbōndz	*gumbōdaz

Related terms

• *gimbaną
  • Old Norse: *gimpa, *gippa
    • Norwegian: gimpe
• *gumbijaną
  • Proto-West Germanic: *gumbijan, *gumpijan
    • Old High German: *gumpfen, *gupfen
      • Middle High German: gupfen, güpfen
        • German: gupfen

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gumbōn, *gumpōn
  • Old English: *gumbian, *gumpian
    • >? Middle English: jumpen (alternatively, ultimately from *gimbaną or *gumpijaną)
      • English: jump
      • Scots: jimp
      • ⇒ Middle English: jumbren, jumpren, jumbelen
        • English: jumble
        • Scots: jummle
  • Old High German: *gumbōn, *gumpōn
    • >? Middle High German: gumpen
      • Alemannic German: gumpe
      • German: gumpen
      • → German Low German: jumpen
• Old Norse: *gumpa, *guppa
  • Icelandic: goppa
  • Faroese: gumpa, gúppa
  • Old Danish: gumpe
    • Danish: gumpe
  • Swedish: (dialectal) gumpa, guppa
  • ⇒ Old Norse: gopta (< *gumbatjaną)