Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gawinnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ga- +‎ *winnaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɣɑˈwin.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gawinnaną

1. to labour, toil
2. to acquire

Inflection

Conjugation of *gawinnaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gawinnō	*gawinnaų	—	*gawinnai	?
2nd singular	*gawinnizi	*gawinnaiz	*gawinn	*gawinnazai	*gawinnaizau
3rd singular	*gawinnidi	*gawinnai	*gawinnadau	*gawinnadai	*gawinnaidau
1st dual	*gawinnōz	*gawinnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gawinnadiz	*gawinnaidiz	*gawinnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*gawinnamaz	*gawinnaim	—	*gawinnandai	*gawinnaindau
2nd plural	*gawinnid	*gawinnaid	*gawinnid	*gawinnandai	*gawinnaindau
3rd plural	*gawinnandi	*gawinnain	*gawinnandau	*gawinnandai	*gawinnaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gawann	*gawunnį̄
2nd singular	*gawannt	*gawunnīz
3rd singular	*gawann	*gawunnī
1st dual	*gawunnū	*gawunnīw
2nd dual	*gawunnudiz	*gawunnīdiz
1st plural	*gawunnum	*gawunnīm
2nd plural	*gawunnud	*gawunnīd
3rd plural	*gawunnun	*gawunnīn
	present	past
participles	*gawinnandz	*gawunnanaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gawinnan
  • Old English: ġewinnan
    • Middle English: iwinnen
  • Old Frisian: gewinna
  • Old Saxon: giwinnan
    • Middle Low German: gewinnen
  • Old Dutch: giwinnan
    • Middle Dutch: gewinnen
      • Dutch: gewinnen
  • Old High German: giwinnan, giƿinnan — Manuscript form
    • Middle High German: gewinnen
      • Cimbrian: gabènnan
      • German: gewinnen
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gawinnan)