Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gawahwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *gawahwnijaną, *gawahnijaną

Etymology

From *ga- +‎ *wahwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣɑ.ˈwɑ.xʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gawahwaną

1. to say; notify; remind

Inflection

Like *sehwaną, the inflection shows a three-way reflex of Indo-European *kʷ, as a result of both Verner alternation and loss of *gw.

Conjugation of *gawahwaną (strong class 6)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gawahwō	*gawahwaų	—	*gawahwai	?
2nd singular	*gawahwizi	*gawahwaiz	*gawahw	*gawahwazai	*gawahwaizau
3rd singular	*gawahwidi	*gawahwai	*gawahwadau	*gawahwadai	*gawahwaidau
1st dual	*gawahwōz	*gawahwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gawahwadiz	*gawahwaidiz	*gawahwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*gawahwamaz	*gawahwaim	—	*gawahwandai	*gawahwaindau
2nd plural	*gawahwid	*gawahwaid	*gawahwid	*gawahwandai	*gawahwaindau
3rd plural	*gawahwandi	*gawahwain	*gawahwandau	*gawahwandai	*gawahwaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gawōhw	*gawōwį̄
2nd singular	*gawōht	*gawōwīz
3rd singular	*gawōhw	*gawōwī
1st dual	*gawōgū	*gawōwīw
2nd dual	*gawōgudiz	*gawōwīdiz
1st plural	*gawōgum	*gawōwīm
2nd plural	*gawōgud	*gawōwīd
3rd plural	*gawōgun	*gawōwīn
	present	past
participles	*gawahwandz	*gawawanaz

Derived terms

• *gawahtaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gawahwan
  • Old Saxon: *giwahan
    • Middle Low German: *gewahen, gewagen; (wāgen (without prefix) < *wahwaną)
  • Old Dutch: *giwān
    • Middle Dutch: gewāgen
      • Dutch: gewagen
        • Afrikaans: gewaag
  • Old High German: giwahan, giwahanen
    • Middle High German: gewahen, gewähenen
      • German: gewähnen; erwähnen (with a different prefix)
        • → Saterland Frisian: ärwääne