Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gamalaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain with multiple theories:[1]
- Often derived from an o-grade *ǵʰyom- of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem- (“winter”), with loss of -y-) and semantic shift "winter" > "number of winters elapsed" > "aged", and compared with Latin hiems (“winter”), though this is semantically weak;
- Analyzed as *ga-mēlą, from *ga- (“co-, wholeness suffix”) + *mēlą (“point in time”);
- Alternatively, from an old Proto-Indo-European compound *ḱom-h₂el-o, from *ḱom (“beside, with”) + *h₂el- (“to grow”), related to *aldaz (“old”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]*gamalaz
Inflection
[edit]Declension of *gamalaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *gamalaz | *gamalai | *gamalō | *gamalôz | *gamalą, -atō | *gamalō |
| Accusative | *gamalanǭ | *gamalanz | *gamalǭ | *gamalōz | *gamalą, -atō | *gamalō |
| Genitive | *gamalas, -is | *gamalaizǫ̂ | *gamalaizōz | *gamalaizǫ̂ | *gamalas, -is | *gamalaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *gamalammai | *gamalaimaz | *gamalaizōi | *gamalaimaz | *gamalammai | *gamalaimaz |
| Instrumental | *gamalanō | *gamalaimiz | *gamalaizō | *gamalaimiz | *gamalanō | *gamalaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *gamalô | *gamalaniz | *gamalǭ | *gamalōniz | *gamalô | *gamalōnō |
| Accusative | *gamalanų | *gamalanunz | *gamalōnų | *gamalōnunz | *gamalô | *gamalōnō |
| Genitive | *gamaliniz | *gamalanǫ̂ | *gamalōniz | *gamalōnǫ̂ | *gamaliniz | *gamalanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *gamalini | *gamalammaz | *gamalōni | *gamalōmaz | *gamalini | *gamalammaz |
| Instrumental | *gamalinē | *gamalammiz | *gamalōnē | *gamalōmiz | *gamalinē | *gamalammiz |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Old English: gamol, gomel, gomol
- Old Frisian: *gamel
- Saterland Frisian: gammel
- Old Saxon: *gamal
- Old Dutch: *gamal
- Old High German: gamal (only in names)
- Old Norse: gamall
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)