Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/friþuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *frijaz (“free”) +‎ *-þuz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸri.θuz/

Noun

*friþuz m

1. love, friendship
2. peace, tranquility
3. sanctuary, refuge

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *friþuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*friþuz	*friþiwiz
vocative	*friþu	*friþiwiz
accusative	*friþų	*friþunz
genitive	*friþauz	*friþiwǫ̂
dative	*friþiwi	*friþumaz
instrumental	*friþū	*friþumiz

Derived terms

• *friþilaz
• *friþōną
• *friþulandą
• *friþusamaz
• *Friþugaizaz
• *Friþurīks
• *Gaizafriþuz
• *unfriþuz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *friþu
  • Old English: friþ, friþu
    • Middle English: frith, ffryth, firth, freth, freþ, frið, friþ, friþþ, fryth, fryþ
      • English: frith
    • ⇒ English: Chilvers (from a contraction of Ċēolfriþ + es or 's)
  • Old Frisian: fretho
    • Saterland Frisian: Free
    • West Frisian: frede
  • Old Saxon: frithu
    • Middle Low German: vrēde
      • Low German:
        • German Low German: Freed

          Westphalian:

          Münsterländer: Frää, Frääden, Frääde, Frääne, Freeden (Westmünsterländisch)

          Münsterländisch: Friäde, Friäden; tefriäden

          East Westphalian: Friae (Ravensbergisch)

      • Plautdietsch: Fräd
  • Old Dutch: fritho
    • Middle Dutch: vrēde
      • Dutch: vrede, vree, vreed
        • Afrikaans: vrede
        • Negerhollands: vreed, vrede, vreede
        • Sranan Tongo: vrede, freide
      • Limburgish: vrieëd
  • Old High German: fridu
    • Middle High German: vride, vrit
      • Cimbrian: friide
      • German: Friede, Frieden
      • Luxembourgish: Fridden
      • Yiddish: פֿרידן (fridn)
  • →⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exfridō (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Norse:
  • Old Norse: friðr
    • Icelandic: friður
    • Faroese: friður
    • Norwegian Bokmål: fred
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: fred
    • Old Swedish: friþer
      • Swedish: fred, frid
    • Danish: fred
• Gothic: *𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 (*friþus)
• Vandalic: *friðV-