Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fraþjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *prot-, o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *pret- (“to understand”). Compare, in particular, Lithuanian pràsti (“to become accustomed to”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸrɑθ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fraþjaną

(East Germanic) to understand

Inflection

Conjugation of *fraþjaną (strong class 6 j-present)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fraþjō	*fraþjaų	—	*fraþjai	?
2nd singular	*fraþisi	*fraþjais	*fraþi	*fraþjasai	*fraþjaisau
3rd singular	*fraþiþi	*fraþjai	*fraþjaþau	*fraþjaþai	*fraþjaiþau
1st dual	*fraþjōs	*fraþjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fraþjaþiz	*fraþjaiþiz	*fraþjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*fraþjamaz	*fraþjaim	—	*fraþjanþai	*fraþjainþau
2nd plural	*fraþiþ	*fraþjaiþ	*fraþiþ	*fraþjanþai	*fraþjainþau
3rd plural	*fraþjanþi	*fraþjain	*fraþjanþau	*fraþjanþai	*fraþjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frōþ	*frōdį̄
2nd singular	*frōst	*frōdīz
3rd singular	*frōþ	*frōdī
1st dual	*frōdū	*frōdīw
2nd dual	*frōdudiz	*frōdīdiz
1st plural	*frōdum	*frōdīm
2nd plural	*frōdud	*frōdīd
3rd plural	*frōdun	*frōdīn

	present	past
participles	*fraþjandz	*fradanaz

Related terms

Descendants

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fraþjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fraþjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153

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