Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fiþulǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain, but probably related to Late Latin vitula.

Noun

*fiþulǭ f

1. fiddle

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *fiþulǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fiþulǭ	*fiþulōniz
vocative	*fiþulǭ	*fiþulōniz
accusative	*fiþulōnų	*fiþulōnunz
genitive	*fiþulōniz	*fiþulōnǫ̂
dative	*fiþulōni	*fiþulōmaz
instrumental	*fiþulōnē	*fiþulōmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *fiþulā
  • Old English: *fiþele
    • Middle English: fithele, fedele, fedle, fethele, ffythil, ffythele, fieþle, fithel, fiþele, fydell, phetele, phethele, viþele
      • English: fiddle (dialectal feddle)
        • → Swahili: fidla
      • Scots: fiddle
      • Yola: videl
      • → Irish: fidil
      • → Scottish Gaelic: fìdheall
  • Old Frisian: *fithele, *fidele
    • Saterland Frisian: Fiedel
    • West Frisian: fidel, fitel
      • ⇒ West Frisian: fiteltsje
  • Old Saxon: *fithala
    • Middle Low German: vedele, vēdele, veddele, viddele, veddel, viddel
      • German Low German: Fiedel
      • Plautdietsch: Fiddel
  • Old Dutch: *fithela
    • Middle Dutch: vedele, viedele, vedel
      • Dutch: vedel (archaic veel)
  • Old High German: fidala, fidula
    • Middle High German: videle, fidele, fidel
      • Central Franconian: Fedel, Fiddel
      • German: Fiedel, Fidel (see usage notes below)
        • → Lower Sorbian: fidle
        • → Polish: fidel
      • Rhine Franconian: Fidel
        • Pennsylvania German: Fiedel
      • Yiddish: פֿידל (fidl)
  • →? Late Latin: vitula, vidula (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: fiðla
  • Icelandic: fiðla
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: fidla, fela, fele
  • Old Swedish: fiþla
    • Swedish: fidla, fela, fejla
  • Old Danish: fithle
    • Danish: fidel, fedel, fele, fejle
  • Norwegian Bokmål: fele