Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fiþulǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain, but probably related to Late Latin vitula.

Noun

*fiþulǭ f

fiddle

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *fiþulǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fiþulǭ	*fiþulōniz
vocative	*fiþulǭ	*fiþulōniz
accusative	*fiþulōnų	*fiþulōnunz
genitive	*fiþulōniz	*fiþulōnǫ̂
dative	*fiþulōni	*fiþulōmaz
instrumental	*fiþulōnē	*fiþulōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fiþulā
- Old English: *fiþele
  - Middle English: fithele, fedele, fedle, fethele, ffythil, ffythele, fieþle, fithel, fiþele, fydell, phetele, phethele, viþele
    - English: fiddle (dialectal feddle)
      - → Swahili: fidla
    - Scots: fiddle
    - Yola: videl
    - → Irish: fidil
    - → Scottish Gaelic: fìdheall
- Old Frisian: *fithele, *fidele
  - Saterland Frisian: Fiedel
  - West Frisian: fidel, fitel
    - ⇒ West Frisian: fiteltsje
- Old Saxon: *fithala
  - Middle Low German: vedele, vēdele, veddele, viddele, veddel, viddel
    - German Low German: Fiedel
    - Plautdietsch: Fiddel
- Old Dutch: *fithela
  - Middle Dutch: vedele, viedele, vedel
    - Dutch: vedel (archaic veel)
- Old High German: fidala, fidula
  - Middle High German: videle, fidele, fidel
    - Central Franconian: Fedel, Fiddel
    - German: Fiedel, Fidel (see usage notes below)
      - → Lower Sorbian: fidle
      - → Polish: fidel
    - Rhine Franconian: Fidel
      - Pennsylvania German: Fiedel
    - Yiddish: פֿידל (fidl)
- →? Late Latin: vitula, vidula (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: fiðla
- Icelandic: fiðla
- Norwegian Nynorsk: fidla, fela, fele
- Old Swedish: fiþla
  - Swedish: fidla, fela, fejla
- Old Danish: fithle
  - Danish: fidel, fedel, fele, fejle
- Norwegian Bokmål: fele