Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fardiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A ti-stem derived from *faraną (“to go, travel”), representing pre-Germanic *portís.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸɑr.ðiz/

Noun

*fardiz f

journey, voyage

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *fardiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fardiz	*fardīz
vocative	*fardi	*fardīz
accusative	*fardį	*fardinz
genitive	*fardīz	*fardijǫ̂
dative	*fardī	*fardimaz
instrumental	*fardī	*fardimiz

Derived terms

*fardijōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fardi
- Old English: ferd, feord, fierd, fyrd
  - Middle English: ferd, verd, færd, værde, varde
    - >? English: ferd
    - >? Scots: ferd, fard, faird
  - → English: fyrd
- Old Frisian: ferd
- Old Saxon: fard
  - Middle Low German: vart
    - → Danish: fart
      - → Icelandic: fart
      - → Faroese: fart
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: fart
    - → Swedish: fart
- Old Dutch: farth
  - Middle Dutch: vāert
    - Dutch: vaart
      - Afrikaans: vaart
    - Limburgish: vaart, vaartj
    - → West Frisian: feart
    - → Walloon: vårt
- Old High German: fart, vart
  - Middle High German: fart
    - German: Fahrt (“journey”), Fährte (“trail”)
      - → Saterland Frisian: Foart
      - → Danish: fært
    - Luxembourgish: Faart
Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: ferð
  - Icelandic: ferð
  - Faroese: ferð
  - Norwegian: ferd
  - Old Swedish: færþ
    - Swedish: färd
  - Old Danish: færth
    - Danish: færd

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fardi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 128