Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreugaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *dreuganą (“to serve, be loyal”) +‎ *-az (deverbal adjective suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdreu̯.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*dreugaz

1. enduring, lasting

Inflection

Declension of *dreugaz (a-stem)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*dreugaz	*dreugai	*dreugō	*dreugôz	*dreugą, *-at(ō)	*dreugō
accusative	*dreuganǭ	*dreuganz	*dreugǭ	*dreugōz	*dreugą, *-at(ō)	*dreugō
genitive	*dreugas, *driugis	*dreugaizǫ̂	*dreugaizōz	*dreugaizǫ̂	*dreugas, *driugis	*dreugaizǫ̂
dative	*dreugammai	*dreugaimaz	*dreugaizōi	*dreugaimaz	*dreugammai	*dreugaimaz
instrumental	*dreuganō	*dreugaimiz	*dreugaizō	*dreugaimiz	*dreuganō	*dreugaimiz
weak declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*dreugô	*dreuganiz	*dreugǭ	*dreugōniz	*dreugô	*dreugōnō
accusative	*dreuganų	*dreuganunz	*dreugōnų	*dreugōnunz	*dreugô	*dreugōnō
genitive	*driuginiz	*dreuganǫ̂	*dreugōniz	*dreugōnǫ̂	*driuginiz	*dreuganǫ̂
dative	*driugini	*dreugammaz	*dreugōni	*dreugōmaz	*driugini	*dreugammaz
instrumental	*driuginē	*dreugammiz	*dreugōnē	*dreugōmiz	*driuginē	*dreugammiz

Derived terms

• *driugijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *dreug
  • Old English: *drēog
    • Middle English: dregh, dreȝ, dryȝ
      • English: dree, dreigh
      • Scots: dreich
  • Old Frisian:
    • Saterland Frisian: dreg
    • West Frisian: dreech
• Old Norse: drjúgr
  • Icelandic: drjúgur
  • Faroese: drjúgvur, drúgvur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: dryg
  • Elfdalian: driuog
  • Old Swedish: drȳgher
    • Swedish: dryg
  • Scanian: dryğer
  • Old Danish: drȳgh, drø̄gh
    • Danish: drøj
      • Norwegian Bokmål: drøy
  • Gutnish: draugar, dravvur

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN