Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-az

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *-os (adjectival ending). Cognate with Ancient Greek -ος (-os), Proto-Italic *-os, Sanskrit -ः (-ḥ), Proto-Slavic *-ъ.

Suffix

*-az n

1. suffix of nouns

Inflection

z-stemDeclension of *-az (z-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*-az	*-izō
vocative	*-az	*-izō
accusative	*-az	*-izō
genitive	*-iziz	*-izǫ̂
dative	*-izi	*-izumaz
instrumental	*-izē	*-izumiz

Derived terms

See z-stem nouns.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *-ós (agent suffix).

Suffix

*-az m

1. -er, agent suffix

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *-az (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*-az	*-ōz, *-ōs
vocative	*-	*-ōz, *-ōs
accusative	*-ą	*-anz
genitive	*-as, *-is	*-ǫ̂
dative	*-ai	*-amaz
instrumental	*-ō	*-amiz

Descendants

• Proto-Norse: -ᚨᛉ (-aʀ)
  • Old Norse: -r
  • Proto-Norse: -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ, after class 1 verbs)
    • Old Norse: -ir

Alternate forms

• *-jaz (after class 1 verbs)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(ó)-os (noun ending).

Suffix

*-az m

1. Suffix for a-stem nouns.

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *-az (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*-az	*-ōz, *-ōs
vocative	*-	*-ōz, *-ōs
accusative	*-ą	*-anz
genitive	*-as, *-is	*-ǫ̂
dative	*-ai	*-amaz
instrumental	*-ō	*-amiz

Derived terms

See a-stem nouns.