Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *dʰweg- (“cloth”), and compared with Sanskrit ध्वज (dhvajá, “flag, banner”). However, Kroonen rejects this theory, noting the irregular sound shift from *dʰw- > *do required for cognacy, and leaves the origin open.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɔː.kɑz/

Noun

*dōkaz m

1. cloth, rag

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *dōkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dōkaz	*dōkōz, *dōkōs
vocative	*dōk	*dōkōz, *dōkōs
accusative	*dōką	*dōkanz
genitive	*dōkas, *dōkis	*dōkǫ̂
dative	*dōkai	*dōkamaz
instrumental	*dōkō	*dōkamiz

Related terms

• *dakkōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *dōk
  • >? Old English: dōc (“bastard, mongrel”) (with change in meaning)
    • ⇒? Old English: dōcincel
  • Old Frisian: dōk
    • Saterland Frisian: Douk
    • West Frisian: doek
  • Old Saxon: dōk
    • Middle Low German: dôk, dûk
      • German Low German: Dook
      • → Old Norse: dúkr
        • Icelandic: dúkur
        • Faroese: dúkur
        • Norwegian Bokmål: duk
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: duk
        • Old Swedish: dūker
          • Swedish: duk, dok
        • Danish: dug
  • Old Dutch: *dōk, *duoc
    • Middle Dutch: doec
      • Dutch: doek
        • Afrikaans: doek
          • → English: doek
          • → Shona: dhuku
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: duku
        • Jersey Dutch: duk
        • Negerhollands: doek, doekoe
        • → Akan: duku
          • → Nkonya: duku
          • → Wali (Ghana): ’duuku
        • → Akebu: ɖuku-yǝ (via an intermediary language)
        • → Lokono: doko
        • → Aukan: duku
        • → English: duck, dook
        • → Fon: dukwí
        • → Indonesian: duk
        • → Japanese: ズック
        • → Mbelime: dukìhṵ̀ (via an intermediary language)
        • → Nawdm: dukŋa (via an intermediary language)
        • → Scots: dook
        • → Sranan Tongo: duku
          • → Caribbean Javanese: duku
          • → Dutch: doekoe
      • Limburgish: dook
  • Old High German: tuoh
    • Middle High German: tuoch
      • Alemannic German: Tuech
        • Swabian: Tuach
      • Central Franconian: Duch
      • Cimbrian: tuach
      • German: Tuch
        • → Esperanto: tuko
      • Luxembourgish: Duch
      • Pennsylvania German: Duch
      • Yiddish: טוך (tukh)
  • Lombardic: *tuoh
    • → Lombard: toh
      • → Italian: tocca, toca, tòcche
        • →? Spanish: toca
        • → Middle French: tocque
          • French: toque
            • English: toque
      • → Old High German: toh