Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bikjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *bikwijaną

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to smash, break”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Orel's alternate derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ- (“to flee, run”) is less semantically convincing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbik.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bikjaną

1. to attack, stab, hack, thrust

Inflection

Conjugation of *bikjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bikjō	*bikjaų	—	*bikjai	?
2nd singular	*bikisi	*bikjais	*biki	*bikjasai	*bikjaisau
3rd singular	*bikiþi	*bikjai	*bikjaþau	*bikjaþai	*bikjaiþau
1st dual	*bikjōs	*bikjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bikjaþiz	*bikjaiþiz	*bikjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bikjamaz	*bikjaim	—	*bikjanþai	*bikjainþau
2nd plural	*bikiþ	*bikjaiþ	*bikiþ	*bikjanþai	*bikjainþau
3rd plural	*bikjanþi	*bikjain	*bikjanþau	*bikjanþai	*bikjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bikidǭ	*bikidēdį̄
2nd singular	*bikidēz	*bikidēdīz
3rd singular	*bikidē	*bikidēdī
1st dual	*bikidēdū	*bikidēdīw
2nd dual	*bikidēdudiz	*bikidēdīdiz
1st plural	*bikidēdum	*bikidēdīm
2nd plural	*bikidēdud	*bikidēdīd
3rd plural	*bikidēdun	*bikidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*bikjandz	*bikidaz

Derived terms

• *bikjǭ

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bikkjan
  • Old Frisian: *bitsia, *bikja, *bikka
    • Saterland Frisian: bikje
    • West Frisian: bikje, bikke
  • Old Saxon: *bikkian (suggested by derivative bikkil)
    • Middle Low German: bicken
      • German Low German: bickern (frequentative)
  • Old Dutch: *bikken
    • Middle Dutch: bicken
      • Dutch: bikken
      • → Middle English: bickeren, beckeren (frequentative)
        • English: bicker
  • Old High German: bikken, bicken; anabikken
    • Middle High German: bicken, becken
      • German: bicken
• Old Norse: bikkja
  • Icelandic: bikkja
  • Norwegian Bokmål: bikke
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: bikke