Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bangōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *bungōną, *bankōną, *bunkōną

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰen- (“to hit, strike, injure”) or *bʰe(n)g- (“to smash, break”); ultimately onomatopoeic.

Verb

*banganą, *bangōną

1. to bang; pound; beat

Inflection

Conjugation of *bangōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bangō	*bangǭ	—	*bangōi	?
2nd singular	*bangōsi	*bangōs	*bangō	*bangōsai	*bangōsau
3rd singular	*bangōþi	*bangō	*bangōþau	*bangōþai	*bangōþau
1st dual	*bangōs	*bangōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bangōþiz	*bangōþiz	*bangōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bangōmaz	*bangōm	—	*bangōnþai	*bangōnþau
2nd plural	*bangōþ	*bangōþ	*bangōþ	*bangōnþai	*bangōnþau
3rd plural	*bangōnþi	*bangōn	*bangōnþau	*bangōnþai	*bangōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bangōdǭ	*bangōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*bangōdēz	*bangōdēdīz
3rd singular	*bangōdē	*bangōdēdī
1st dual	*bangōdēdū	*bangōdēdīw
2nd dual	*bangōdēdudiz	*bangōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*bangōdēdum	*bangōdēdīm
2nd plural	*bangōdēdud	*bangōdēdīd
3rd plural	*bangōdēdun	*bangōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*bangōndz	*bangōdaz

Derived terms

• *bangilaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bangōn
  • Old English: *bangian
    • Middle English: *bangen; >? bonchen, bunchen
      • English: bang
      • Scots: bang, bung
  • Old Frisian: *bangia, *bongia, *bunkia, *bonkia
    • Saterland Frisian: boangje; >? bunkje
    • West Frisian: bonkje
  • Old Saxon: *bangōn
    • Middle Low German: bangen; >? bunken
      • Low German: bangen, bangeln
      • → German: bangen
  • >? Old Dutch: *bungon, *bonkon
    • Middle Dutch: bongen
      • Dutch: bonken
  • Old High German: bangōn, *bankan, *bankōn
    • Middle High German: bangen, pangen; >? bungen
      • Alemannic German: bangen (“to bump, push, butt”)
      • German: banken (dialectal)
• Old Norse: banga
  • Danish: banke
    • → Faroese: banka
    • → Icelandic: banka
  • Faroese: banga
  • Icelandic: banga
  • Norwegian Bokmål: banke
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: banka, banke
  • Old Swedish: bånga
    • Swedish: banka
  • Elfdalian: baunka
  • Gutnish: banke
  • →? Middle English: *bangen
    • English: bang
    • Scots: bang, bung