Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *balþaz (“bold”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑl.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*balþijaną^[1]^[2]

to make bold; animate; encourage

Inflection

Conjugation of *balþijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*balþijō	*balþijaų	—	*balþijai	?
2nd singular	*balþīsi	*balþijais	*balþī	*balþijasai	*balþijaisau
3rd singular	*balþīþi	*balþijai	*balþijaþau	*balþijaþai	*balþijaiþau
1st dual	*balþijōs	*balþijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*balþijaþiz	*balþijaiþiz	*balþijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*balþijamaz	*balþijaim	—	*balþijanþai	*balþijainþau
2nd plural	*balþīþ	*balþijaiþ	*balþīþ	*balþijanþai	*balþijainþau
3rd plural	*balþijanþi	*balþijain	*balþijanþau	*balþijanþai	*balþijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*balþidǭ	*balþidēdį̄
2nd singular	*balþidēz	*balþidēdīz
3rd singular	*balþidē	*balþidēdī
1st dual	*balþidēdū	*balþidēdīw
2nd dual	*balþidēdudiz	*balþidēdīdiz
1st plural	*balþidēdum	*balþidēdīm
2nd plural	*balþidēdud	*balþidēdīd
3rd plural	*balþidēdun	*balþidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*balþijandz	*balþidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *balþijan
- Old English: bieldan, byldan, bildan
  - Middle English: bēlden, beelden
    - Scots: belde, beild, bield
    - English: bield
- Old Saxon: beldian
- Old High German: belden
  - Middle High German: belden, balden
Old Norse: bella
- Elfdalian: bella
- Icelandic: bella
- Norwegian Nynorsk: belle
Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balþjan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*balþ/da-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50: “*balþjan-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*balþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*balþ/da-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50: “*balþjan-”

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*balþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34

[1]

[2]