Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bakaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *bakkaną (see note below in Descendants)

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *bʰh₃g-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g- (“to roast, bake”). Related to Ancient Greek φώγω (phṓgō, “to roast”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bakaną

1. to bake

Inflection

Conjugation of *bakaną (strong class 6)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bakō	*bakaų	—	*bakai	?
2nd singular	*bakizi	*bakaiz	*bak	*bakazai	*bakaizau
3rd singular	*bakidi	*bakai	*bakadau	*bakadai	*bakaidau
1st dual	*bakōz	*bakaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bakadiz	*bakaidiz	*bakadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bakamaz	*bakaim	—	*bakandai	*bakaindau
2nd plural	*bakid	*bakaid	*bakid	*bakandai	*bakaindau
3rd plural	*bakandi	*bakain	*bakandau	*bakandai	*bakaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bōk	*bōkį̄
2nd singular	*bōht	*bōkīz
3rd singular	*bōk	*bōkī
1st dual	*bōkū	*bōkīw
2nd dual	*bōkudiz	*bōkīdiz
1st plural	*bōkum	*bōkīm
2nd plural	*bōkud	*bōkīd
3rd plural	*bōkun	*bōkīn
	present	past
participles	*bakandz	*bakanaz

Related terms

• *bakkōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bakan
  • Old English: bacan
    • Middle English: baken, bakyn, bake, bakenn
      • English: bake
      • Scots: bake
      • → Irish: bácáil
  • Old Frisian: *baka, *bakka
    • North Frisian:

      Amrum, Feer: baag

      Hoolmer, Mooring, Ockholm: bååge

      Langenhorn, Hoorninger, Wiedingharder: baage

      Sylt: baak

    • Saterland Frisian: boake
    • West Frisian: bakke
  • Old Saxon: bakkan
    • Middle Low German: backen
      • Westphalian:

        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: backen

        Sauerländisch: backen

        Westmünsterländisch: backen

      • Plautdietsch: baken
  • Old Dutch: *bakan, *bakkan
    • Middle Dutch: baken, backen
      • Dutch: bakken
        • → Sranan Tongo: baka
  • Old High German: bahhan, backan
    • Middle High German: bachen, backen
      • Bavarian: båchn
      • German: backen, (early, dialectal) bachen
      • Luxembourgish: baken
      • Yiddish: באַקן (bakn)
• Old Norse: baka
  • Icelandic: baka
  • Faroese: baka
  • Norn: båke
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: baka
  • Elfdalian: båkå
  • Old Swedish: baka
    • Swedish: baka
  • Danish: bage
    • Norwegian Bokmål: bake
  • Old Gutnish: baka
    • Gutnish: bake