Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Inguz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*Ingwô

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from *inguz, *unguz (“mortal; man”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥ḱús (“dead, mortal”), from *neḱ- (“to die, perish”) +‎ *-us.^[1] Thought to be the human incarnation of Nerthus, and the original name of the Norse fertility god Freyr.

Proper noun

*Inguz m^[2]^[3]

Ing, Yngvi, god of fertility
Son of Mannus, progenitor of the Ynglings and Ingaevones.
(Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛜ, ᛝ (ng)

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *Inguz (u-stem)
	singular
nominative	*Inguz
vocative	*Ingu
accusative	*Ingų
genitive	*Ingauz
dative	*Ingiwi
instrumental	*Ingū

Derived terms

*Ingwiniz (< gen.sg. of *Ingwô, or + *winiz (“friend”))^[4]
- Proto-West Germanic: *Ingwini
  - Old English: Ingwina (gen.pl.) [Beowulf]
  - Old High German: Inguin
- Old Norse: Yngvin, Ynguni, Yngunni (West-Germanic borrowing?)
*Ingumēraz, *Ingwjamērijaz,^[5] *Ingwjamēraz (+ *mērijaz, *mēraz)
- → Latin: Inguiomerus
→ Latin: Ingaevōnēs, Ingvaeōnēs (+ -ōnēs)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *Ingu, *Ingwō
- Old English: Ing
  - → English: Ing (learned)
- ⇒ Old English: Ingwi
- → Late Latin: Inguo [9th c. CE, Codex Sangallensis 732]
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *Ingō
  - Old Dutch: (9th C. France) Ingo m, Inga f^[6]
  - Old High German: Ingo m, Inga f^[6]
    - German: Ingo m, Inge f, Inga f
    - East Central German: Ing f
Old Norse: Yngvi, Ingi
- ⇒ Old Norse: Ynglingr (+ -lingr)
- ⇒ Old Norse: Yngvi-Freyr
Gothic: *𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*iggus) or *𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*iggws /⁠enguz⁠/)^{[n 1]}

Notes

^ Latin transcription from the Codex Vindobonensis 795. "Wulfilan" Gothic forms are scholarly reconstructions.^[7]^[8]

References

^ Krause, Wolfgang (1944) “Ing”, in Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, philologischhistorische Klaise, number 10, Göttingen
^ Kniezsa, Veronika (1990) “The orthographic aspect of the runes”, in Fisiak, Jacek, editor, Historical Linguistics and Philology (Trends in Linguistics: Studies & Monographs), Mouton De Gruyter, page 248
^ Inge in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
^ Kaser, Max (1939) “Mores maiorum und Gewohnheitsrecht kaser”, in Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, →DOI
^ Rübekeil, Ludwig (2017–2018) “Chapter IX: Germanic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Germanic, page 991: “Gmc *Ingwjamē₁ri/jaz”
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Ernst Förstemann (1856) Altdeutsches Namenbuch (in German), Erste Band: Personennamen, Nordhausen: Verlag von Ferd, Förstemann, →DOI, →OCLC, page 412, column 783
^ Krause, Wolfgang (1968) Handbuch des Gotischen (in German), 3rd edition, Munich: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 64
^ Kirchhoff, A. (1854) Das gothische Runenalphabet: eine Abhandlung‎^[1], Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz, page 48

[9] Latin transcription from the Codex Vindobonensis 795. "Wulfilan" Gothic forms are scholarly reconstructions.^[7]^[8]

[1] Krause, Wolfgang (1944) “Ing”, in Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, philologischhistorische Klaise, number 10, Göttingen

[2] Kniezsa, Veronika (1990) “The orthographic aspect of the runes”, in Fisiak, Jacek, editor, Historical Linguistics and Philology (Trends in Linguistics: Studies & Monographs), Mouton De Gruyter, page 248

[3] Inge in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

[4] Kaser, Max (1939) “Mores maiorum und Gewohnheitsrecht kaser”, in Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, →DOI

[5] Rübekeil, Ludwig (2017–2018) “Chapter IX: Germanic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Germanic, page 991: “Gmc *Ingwjamē₁ri/jaz”

[f-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Ernst Förstemann (1856) Altdeutsches Namenbuch (in German), Erste Band: Personennamen, Nordhausen: Verlag von Ferd, Förstemann, →DOI, →OCLC, page 412, column 783

[7] Krause, Wolfgang (1968) Handbuch des Gotischen (in German), 3rd edition, Munich: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 64

[8] Kirchhoff, A. (1854) Das gothische Runenalphabet: eine Abhandlung‎^[1], Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz, page 48

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