Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/ǯač̣w-

This Proto-Georgian-Zan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Georgian-Zan

Alternative reconstructions

*ʒ₁ec̣₁w- (Klimov)

Noun

*ǯač̣w- (Gigineišvili, Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe)

chain (series of interconnected rings or links)

Reconstruction notes

Gigineišvili, who reconstructs *ǯač̣w-, explains the Zan cognate as such: ძეწკვი (ʒec̣ḳvi) (regressive assimilation) ← *ჯო̈წკუ̂- (*ǯöc̣ḳû-) ← *ჯაწკუ̂- (*ǯac̣ḳû-) (Gamq̇reliʒe's law) ← *ჯაჭკუ̂- (*ǯač̣ḳû-) ← *ჯაჭუ̂- (*ǯač̣û-). He considers Georgian ძეწკვი (ʒec̣ḳvi) to be a Zan borrowing. Accepted by Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe.

Klimov on the other hand reconstructs *ʒ₁ec̣₁w-. He considers Georgian ჯაჭვი (ǯač̣vi) to be a Zan borrowing. He leaves the emergence of კ (ḳ) in position after წ (c̣) in Georgian ძეწკვი (ʒec̣ḳvi) unexplained, though according to him Gigineišvili's reconstruction is "faced with greater difficulties". See Proto-Georgian-Zan *lorc̣- for more examples of emergence კ (ḳ) in position after წ (c̣).

Descendants

Old Georgian: ჯაჭუ (ǯač̣u), ჯაჭჳ (ǯač̣wi)
- Georgian: ჯაჭვი (ǯač̣vi)
  - → Mingrelian: ჯაჭვი (ǯač̣vi)
Zan:
- Mingrelian: ძეწკვი (ʒec̣ḳvi)
  - → Georgian: ძეწკვი (ʒec̣ḳvi)

References

Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*ʒ₁ec̣₁w-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 285
Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*ǯač̣w-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, page 725
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) “*ǯač̣w-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 713

Gamq̇reliʒe, Tamaz (1959) Giorgi C̣ereteli, editor, Sibilanṭta šesaṭq̇visobani da kartvelur enata uʒvelesi sṭrukṭuris zogi saḳitxi [Sibilant correspondences and some problems of the oldest structure of the Kartvelian languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Sakartvelos ssr mecnierebata aḳademiis gamomcemloba, pages 1–86
Ḳarṭozia, Guram (1984) “Sibilanṭta šesaṭq̇visobis darɣvevata axsnisatvis kartvelur enebši [Toward an explanation of disturbances of the sibilant correspondences in Kartvelian languages]”, in Macne: enisa da liṭeraṭuris seria (in Georgian), number 2, Tbilisi, pages 130–144
Ḳelauraʒe, Levan (2022) “Ḳidev ertxel „gamq̇reliʒis c̣esis“ šesaxeb [Once again about Gamq̇reliʒe's law]”, in Arnold čikobavas saḳitxavebi (in Georgian), volume XXXIII, Tbilisi, pages 28–35