Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rauha

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

Unclear. Similarity to Germanic words has been noted (compare German Ruhe, Swedish ro, Proto-Germanic *rōō, all of the same meaning) and Schalin (2019) proposes borrowing from Northwest Proto-Germanic *rāwō or Proto-Norse [script needed] (*rāwu) (whence Middle Low German rāwe (“peace, tranquility”), Old High German rāwa) with a substitution Germanic *VwV → Finnic *VuhV (with a similar substitution probably also in *lauha).

Noun

*rauha

1. peace, tranquility

Inflection

Inflection of *rauha

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*rauha	*rauhat
accusative		*rauhan	*rauhat
genitive		*rauhan	*rauhadën *rauhëidën
partitive		*rauhada	*rauhëida
inessive		*rauhassa *rauhahna	*rauhëissa *rauhëihna
elative		*rauhasta	*rauhëista
illative		*rauhahën	*rauhëihën
adessive		*rauhalla	*rauhëilla
ablative		*rauhalta	*rauhëilta
allative		*rauhalën *rauhalëk	*rauhëilën *rauhëilëk
essive		*rauhana	*rauhëina
translative		*rauhaksi	*rauhëiksi
instructive		*rauhan	*rauhëin
comitative		*rauhanëk	*rauhëinëk
abessive		*rauhatta	*rauhëitta

Derived terms

• *rauhat'oin

Descendants

• Estonian: rahu
• Finnish: rauha
  • Kven: rauha
• Ingrian: rauha
  • → Votic: rauhõ
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: rauha
  • South Karelian: rauha
• Livvi: rauhu
• Võro: rahu, (Seto) rauh
• → Southern Sami: raeffie
• → Ume Sami: [Term?] (raahfee)
• → Pite Sami: ráffe
• → Lule Sami: ráfe
• → Northern Sami: ráfi
• → Skolt Sami: rääuh

Etymology 2

From earlier *rawša, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hrausā, *hrauzā (whence Old Norse hrœrar). Cognate with Proto-Samic *ruovsē.

Noun

*rauha

1. gland
2. swelling

Inflection

Inflection of *rauha

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*rauha	*rauhat
accusative		*rauhan	*rauhat
genitive		*rauhan	*rauhadën *rauhëidën
partitive		*rauhada	*rauhëida
inessive		*rauhassa *rauhahna	*rauhëissa *rauhëihna
elative		*rauhasta	*rauhëista
illative		*rauhahën	*rauhëihën
adessive		*rauhalla	*rauhëilla
ablative		*rauhalta	*rauhëilta
allative		*rauhalën *rauhalëk	*rauhëilën *rauhëilëk
essive		*rauhana	*rauhëina
translative		*rauhaksi	*rauhëiksi
instructive		*rauhan	*rauhëin
comitative		*rauhanëk	*rauhëinëk
abessive		*rauhatta	*rauhëitta

Descendants

• Estonian: rahu
• Finnish: (dialectal) rauha, ⇒ rauhanen
• Ingrian: rauha
• Karelian:
  • South Karelian: rauhna
• Livonian: ⇒ ro’ugõz
• Livvi: rauhnu
• Ludian: raunaz
• Veps: rauh
• Võro: rauh
• Votic: ravvu
• → Proto-Samic: *rāvsā (see there for further descendants)

References

• Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

Further reading

• “rahu”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[4] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN