Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/purkadak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *purka-; compare Northern Sami borgádit, Erzya порксамс (porksams, “to break”) and Eastern Mari пургедаш (purgedaš, “to dig (up, out); to rummage”).
Alternatively, according to Metsäranta (2024), borrowed by metathesis from Proto-Germanic *bruk(k)ōną (“to break”).[1]
Verb
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *purkadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *purgan | *purgëin | — | *purkagon |
| 2nd sing. | *purgat | *purgëit | *purgak | *purkagos |
| 3rd sing. | *purkabi *purka |
*purkëi | *purkagasën | *purkagosën |
| 1st plur. | *purgakmëk *purgakmak |
*purkëimëk *purkëimak |
*purkagatëmëk *purkagatamak |
*purkagotëmëk *purkagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *purgaktëk *purgaktak |
*purkëidëk *purkëidak |
*purkagatë *purkagata |
*purkagot'ëk *purkagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *purkabat *purka |
*purkëi | *purkagasën | *purkagosën |
| passive | *purgaksën *purgat'aksën |
*purkadisën *purgattisën |
*purkadakahën *purgattakahën |
*purkadakohën *purgattakohën |
| connegative | *purgak | — | *purkagak | *purkagok |
| passive connegative | *purgaktak | — | *purkadagak *purgattagak |
*purkadagok *purgattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *purgakcin | *purkëicin | *purkanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *purgakcit | *purkëicit | *purkanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *purgakci | *purkëici | *purkani | |
| 1st plur. | *purgakcimëk *purgakcimak |
*purkëicimëk *purkëicimak |
*purkanëmëk *purkanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *purgakcidëk *purgakcidak |
*purkëicidëk *purkëicidak |
*purkanëdëk *purkanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *purgakci | *purkëici | *purkani | |
| passive | *purkadakcihën *purgat'akcihën |
*purkadicihën *purgatticihën |
*purkadanëhën *purgattanëhën | |
| connegative | *purgakcik | *purkëicik | *purkanëk | |
| passive connegative | *purkadakcik *purgat'akcik |
*purkadicik *purgatticik |
*purkadanëk *purgattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *purkadak | present | *purkaba | *purkadapa *purgattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *purkadë- | past | *purkanut | *purkadu *purgattu |
| gerund/supine | *purkama | |||
| action noun | *purkaminen | |||
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: (dialectal) ⇒ purgema/pureta
- Finnish: purkaa
- → Northern Sami: burgit
- Ingrian: purkaa
- Karelian:
- Livonian: purgõ
- Livvi: purgua
- Ludian: purgada
- Votic: purka
References
[edit]- ^ Metsäranta, Niklas: Ein Fall für zwei (oder drei) – Liquid metathesis substitution in Germanic loanwords in Finnic: old and new cases. E litoribus Balticis etymologiae. pp. 79-104. Uralica Helsingiensia 15. Helsinki 2024 [1]
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*purka-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)
Further reading
[edit]- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “purkaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN