Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/nukkudak
 |
This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown. Possibly related to *nookkudak.
Verb
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *nukkudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *nuk'un | *nuk'uin | — | *nukkugon |
| 2nd sing. | *nuk'ut | *nuk'uit | *nuk'uk | *nukkugos |
| 3rd sing. | *nukkubi *nukku |
*nukkui | *nukkugasën | *nukkugosën |
| 1st plur. | *nuk'ukmëk *nuk'ukmak |
*nukkuimëk *nukkuimak |
*nukkugatëmëk *nukkugatamak |
*nukkugotëmëk *nukkugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *nuk'uktëk *nuk'uktak |
*nukkuidëk *nukkuidak |
*nukkugatë *nukkugata |
*nukkugot'ëk *nukkugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *nukkubat *nukku |
*nukkui | *nukkugasën | *nukkugosën |
| passive | *nuk'uksën *nuk'ut'aksën |
*nukkudisën *nuk'uttisën |
*nukkudakahën *nuk'uttakahën |
*nukkudakohën *nuk'uttakohën |
| connegative | *nuk'uk | — | *nukkugak | *nukkugok |
| passive connegative | *nuk'uktak | — | *nukkudagak *nuk'uttagak |
*nukkudagok *nuk'uttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *nuk'ukcin | *nukkuicin | *nukkunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *nuk'ukcit | *nukkuicit | *nukkunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *nuk'ukci | *nukkuici | *nukkuni | |
| 1st plur. | *nuk'ukcimëk *nuk'ukcimak |
*nukkuicimëk *nukkuicimak |
*nukkunëmëk *nukkunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *nuk'ukcidëk *nuk'ukcidak |
*nukkuicidëk *nukkuicidak |
*nukkunëdëk *nukkunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *nuk'ukci | *nukkuici | *nukkuni | |
| passive | *nukkudakcihën *nuk'ut'akcihën |
*nukkudicihën *nuk'utticihën |
*nukkudanëhën *nuk'uttanëhën | |
| connegative | *nuk'ukcik | *nukkuicik | *nukkunëk | |
| passive connegative | *nukkudakcik *nuk'ut'akcik |
*nukkudicik *nuk'utticik |
*nukkudanëk *nuk'uttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *nukkudak | present | *nukkuba | *nukkudapa *nuk'uttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *nukkudë- | past | *nukkunut | *nukkudu *nuk'uttu |
| gerund/supine | *nukkuma | |||
| action noun | *nukkuminen | |||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: tukkuma/tukkuda, (dialectal) nukkuma/nukkuda
- Finnish: nukkua
- Ingrian: nukkua
- Karelian:
- Livonian: tukkõ
- Livvi: nukkuo
- Ludian: nukkuda
- Veps: nukkuda
- Votic: nukkua
- →? Proto-Samic: *nokkëtēk (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “tukkuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012