Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/lëuka

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Suggested to be a borrowing from early Proto-Baltic *leukā (“glands in an animal's neck”) (whence e.g. Lithuanian liauka (“gland”)). Several descendants (Ingrian, eastern dialects of Finnish, Karelian, Lule Sami) have a secondary meaning "part in a seine delineating the entrance to the bottommost section".

Noun

*lëuka

1. chin, jaw

Inflection

Inflection of *lëuka

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*lëuka	*lëugat
accusative		*lëugan	*lëugat
genitive		*lëugan	*lëukadën *lëukëidën
partitive		*lëukada	*lëukëida
inessive		*lëugassa *lëugahna	*lëugëissa *lëugëihna
elative		*lëugasta	*lëugëista
illative		*lëukahën	*lëukëihën
adessive		*lëugalla	*lëugëilla
ablative		*lëugalta	*lëugëilta
allative		*lëukalën *lëukalëk	*lëukëilën *lëukëilëk
essive		*lëukana	*lëukëina
translative		*lëugaksi	*lëugëiksi
instructive		*lëugan	*lëugëin
comitative		*lëukanëk	*lëukëinëk
abessive		*lëugatta	*lëugëitta

Descendants

• Estonian: lõug
• Finnish: leuka
• Ingrian: leuka
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: leuka
  • South Karelian: leuga
• Livonian: lȭga
• Livvi: leugu
• Ludian: löug
• Veps: löug
• Võro: lõug
• Votic: lõukõ
• → Lule Sami: leuke

Further reading

• “lõug”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN