Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/aktadak
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Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *ëkta-. Finnish and Võro show also a meaning "to cram", by contamination with the Baltic loanword *ahtas.
Verb
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *aktadak
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
present | past | imperative | optative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st sing. | *aktan | *aktoin | — | *aktagon |
2nd sing. | *aktat | *aktoit | *aktak | *aktagos |
3rd sing. | *aktabi *akta |
*aktoi | *aktagasën | *aktagosën |
1st plur. | *aktakmëk *aktakmak |
*aktoimëk *aktoimak |
*aktagatëmëk *aktagatamak |
*aktagotëmëk *aktagotamak |
2nd plur. | *aktaktëk *aktaktak |
*aktoidëk *aktoidak |
*aktagatë *aktagata |
*aktagot'ëk *aktagotadak |
3rd plur. | *aktabat *akta |
*aktoi | *aktagasën | *aktagosën |
passive | *aktaksën *aktat'aksën |
*aktadisën *aktattisën |
*aktadakahën *aktattakahën |
*aktadakohën *aktattakohën |
connegative | *aktak | — | *aktagak | *aktagok |
passive connegative | *aktaktak | — | *aktadagak *aktattagak |
*aktadagok *aktattagok |
conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
1st sing. | *aktakcin | *aktoicin | *aktanën | |
2nd sing. | *aktakcit | *aktoicit | *aktanët | |
3rd sing. | *aktakci | *aktoici | *aktani | |
1st plur. | *aktakcimëk *aktakcimak |
*aktoicimëk *aktoicimak |
*aktanëmëk *aktanëmak | |
2nd plur. | *aktakcidëk *aktakcidak |
*aktoicidëk *aktoicidak |
*aktanëdëk *aktanëdak | |
3rd plur. | *aktakci | *aktoici | *aktani | |
passive | *aktadakcihën *aktat'akcihën |
*aktadicihën *aktatticihën |
*aktadanëhën *aktattanëhën | |
connegative | *aktakcik | *aktoicik | *aktanëk | |
passive connegative | *aktadakcik *aktat'akcik |
*aktadicik *aktatticik |
*aktadanëk *aktattanëk | |
non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
active | passive | |||
infinitive 1 | *aktadak | present | *aktaba | *aktadapa *aktattapa |
infinitive 2 | *aktadë- | past | *aktanut | *aktadu *aktattu |
gerund/supine | *aktama | |||
action noun | *aktaminen |
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: ahtma/ahta
- Finnish: ahtaa
- Ingrian: ahtaa
- Karelian:
- Livvi: ahtua
- Ludian: ahtada
- Veps: ahtta
- Võro: atma/attaq
- Votic: ahta
References
[edit]- “ahtma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN