Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/woxtlom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wókʷtlom, from the root *wekʷ- (“to utter, voice”).^[1] Cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáktram (“mouth”) (whence Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktra), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬑𐬆𐬜𐬭𐬀 (vaxəδra)).

Noun

*woxtlom n^[2]

word
Synonym: *breitrā

Declension

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*woxtlom	*woxtlou	*woxtlā
vocative	*woxtlom	*woxtlou	*woxtlā
accusative	*woxtlom	*woxtlou	*woxtlā
genitive	*woxtlī	*woxtlous	*woxtlom
dative	*woxtlūi	*woxtlobom	*woxtlobos
locative	*woxtlei	*?	*?
instrumental	*woxtlū	*woxtlobim	*woxtlūis

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *gwoɨθl
- Middle Welsh: gwaethl (“dispute”)
  - Welsh: gwaethl (“debate”)
Old Irish: focul
- Irish: focal
- Manx: fockle
- Scottish Gaelic: facal

References

^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, pages 313-314
^ Matasović, Ranko (2011 December) “Addenda et corrigenda to Ranko Matasović’s Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009)”, in Homepage of Ranko Matasović‎^[1], Zagreb, page 43

[1] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, pages 313-314

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2011 December) “Addenda et corrigenda to Ranko Matasović’s Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009)”, in Homepage of Ranko Matasović‎^[1], Zagreb, page 43

[1]

[2]