Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wolkīti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wolkéyeti, an o-grade causative *-éyeti formation from a root Proto-Indo-European *welk-, a variant of *welg- (“wet”). See *wolkos (“rain, shower”) for further explanation.

Verb

*wolkīti

1. to wash

   Synonyms: *nigyeti, *ameti

Inflection

Ī-present
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*wolkeyū	*wolkīmam	?	—
2nd singular	*wolkīsi	*wolkītās	?	—
3rd singular	*wolkīti	*wolkīto	?	—
1st plural	*wolkeyomosi	*wolkīmo	?	—
2nd plural	*wolkītesi	*wolkīstē	?	—
3rd plural	*wolkeyonti	*wolkīnto	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	?	—
2nd singular	?	?	*wolkī
3rd singular	?	?	*wolkītou
1st plural	?	?	*wolkeyomos
2nd plural	?	?	*wolkīte
3rd plural	?	?	*wolkeyontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*wolkeyūr	—	?	—
2nd singular	*wolkītar	—	?	—
3rd singular	*wolkītor	?	?	—
1st plural	*wolkeyommor	—	?	—
2nd plural	*wolkīdwe	—	?	—
3rd plural	*wolkeyontor	?	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	—	—
2nd singular	?	—	—
3rd singular	?	—	—
1st plural	?	—	—
2nd plural	?	—	—
3rd plural	?	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolkeyonts	*wolkeyonte	*wolkeyontes
vocative	*wolkeyonts	*wolkeyonte	*wolkeyontes
accusative	*wolkeyontam	*wolkeyonte	*wolkeyontans
genitive	*wolkeyantos	*?	*wolkeyantom
dative	*wolkeyantei	*wolkeyantbom	*wolkeyantbos
instrumental	*wolkeyantī?	*wolkeyantbim	*wolkeyantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolkeyantī	*wolkeyantī	*wolkeyantiyās
vocative	*wolkeyantī	*wolkeyantī	*wolkeyantiyās
accusative	*wolkeyantīm	*wolkeyantī	*wolkeyantiyans
genitive	*wolkeyantyās	*?	*wolkeyantyom
dative	*wolkeyantyāi	*wolkeyantyābom	*wolkeyantyābos
instrumental	*?	*wolkeyantyābim	*wolkeyantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolkeyont	*?	*wolkeyonta
vocative	*wolkeyont	*?	*wolkeyonta
accusative	*wolkeyont	*?	*wolkeyonta
genitive	*wolkeyantos	*?	*wolkeyantom
dative	*wolkeyantei	*?	*wolkeyantbos
instrumental	*wolkeyantī?	*?	*wolkeyantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolkeyomnos	*wolkeyomnou	*wolkeyomnoi
vocative	*wolkeyomne	*wolkeyomnou	*wolkeyomnoi
accusative	*wolkeyomnom	*wolkeyomnou	*wolkeyomnons
genitive	*wolkeyomnī	*wolkeyomnous	*wolkeyomnom
dative	*wolkeyomnūi	*wolkeyomnobom	*wolkeyomnobos
instrumental	*wolkeyomnū	*wolkeyomnobim	*wolkeyomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolkeyomnā	*wolkeyomnai	*wolkeyomnās
vocative	*wolkeyomnā	*wolkeyomnai	*wolkeyomnās
accusative	*wolkeyomnam	*wolkeyomnai	*wolkeyomnans
genitive	*wolkeyomnās	*wolkeyomnous	*wolkeyomnom
dative	*wolkeyomnai	*wolkeyomnābom	*wolkeyomnābos
instrumental	*?	*wolkeyomnābim	*wolkeyomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolkeyomnom	*wolkeyomnou	*wolkeyomnā
vocative	*wolkeyomnom	*wolkeyomnou	*wolkeyomnā
accusative	*wolkeyomnom	*wolkeyomnou	*wolkeyomnā
genitive	*wolkeyomnī	*wolkeyomnous	*wolkeyomnom
dative	*wolkeyomnūi	*wolkeyomnobom	*wolkeyomnobos
instrumental	*wolkeyomnū	*wolkeyomnobim	*wolkeyomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolketos	*wolketou	*wolketoi
vocative	*wolkete	*wolketou	*wolketoi
accusative	*wolketom	*wolketou	*wolketons
genitive	*wolketī	*wolketous	*wolketom
dative	*wolketūi	*wolketobom	*wolketobos
instrumental	*wolketū	*wolketobim	*wolketobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolketā	*wolketai	*wolketās
vocative	*wolketā	*wolketai	*wolketās
accusative	*wolketam	*wolketai	*wolketans
genitive	*wolketās	*wolketous	*wolketom
dative	*wolketai	*wolketābom	*wolketābos
instrumental	*?	*wolketābim	*wolketābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolketom	*wolketou	*wolketā
vocative	*wolketom	*wolketou	*wolketā
accusative	*wolketom	*wolketou	*wolketā
genitive	*wolketī	*wolketous	*wolketom
dative	*wolketūi	*wolketobom	*wolketobos
instrumental	*wolketū	*wolketobim	*wolketobis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *gwölxid
  • Middle Breton: guelchiff
    • Breton: gwalc'hiñ
  • Cornish: (various spellings) golhi, golhy, golghi
  • Middle Welsh: golchi
    • Welsh: golchi
• Old Irish: folcaid
  • Middle Irish: foilcid
    • Irish: folc (verb)
    • Scottish Gaelic: failc (“to bathe”)