Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tudeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to hit”). The closest cognate is Sanskrit तुदति (tudati, “to strike, hit”).^[1]

The preterite stem *kera- is suppletive and comes from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“to break”).^[2]

Verb

*tudeti

to fall

Inflection

Thematic present, root aorist
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*tudū	*tudemam	*titutsū	*keram
2nd singular	*tudesi	*tudetās	*titutsesi	*keras
3rd singular	*tudeti	*tudeto	*titutseti	*kerat
1st plural	*tudomosi	*tudemo	*titutsomosi	*kerame
2nd plural	*tudetesi	*tudestē	*titutsetesi	*kerate
3rd plural	*tudonti	*tudento	*titutsonti	*kerant
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*toutsū	?	—
2nd singular	*toutsesi	?	*tude
3rd singular	*toutseti	?	*tudetou
1st plural	*toutsomosi	?	*tudomos
2nd plural	*toutsetesi	?	*tudete
3rd plural	*toutsonti	?	*tudontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*tudūr	—	*titutsūr	—
2nd singular	*tudetar	—	*titutsetar	—
3rd singular	*tudetor	?	*titutsetor	—
1st plural	*tudommor	—	*titutsommor	—
2nd plural	*tudedwe	—	*titutsedwe	—
3rd plural	*tudontor	?	*titutsontor	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*toutsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*toutsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*toutsetor	—	—
1st plural	*toutsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*toutsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*toutsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tudonts	*tudonte	*tudontes
vocative	*tudonts	*tudonte	*tudontes
accusative	*tudontam	*tudonte	*tudontans
genitive	*tudantos	*?	*tudantom
dative	*tudantei	*tudantbom	*tudantbos
instrumental	*tudantī?	*tudantbim	*tudantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tudantī	*tudantī	*tudantiyās
vocative	*tudantī	*tudantī	*tudantiyās
accusative	*tudantīm	*tudantī	*tudantiyans
genitive	*tudantyās	*?	*tudantyom
dative	*tudantyāi	*tudantyābom	*tudantyābos
instrumental	*?	*tudantyābim	*tudantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tudont	*?	*tudonta
vocative	*tudont	*?	*tudonta
accusative	*tudont	*?	*tudonta
genitive	*tudantos	*?	*tudantom
dative	*tudantei	*?	*tudantbos
instrumental	*tudantī?	*?	*tudantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tudomnos	*tudomnou	*tudomnoi
vocative	*tudomne	*tudomnou	*tudomnoi
accusative	*tudomnom	*tudomnou	*tudomnons
genitive	*tudomnī	*tudomnous	*tudomnom
dative	*tudomnūi	*tudomnobom	*tudomnobos
instrumental	*tudomnū	*tudomnobim	*tudomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tudomnā	*tudomnai	*tudomnās
vocative	*tudomnā	*tudomnai	*tudomnās
accusative	*tudomnam	*tudomnai	*tudomnans
genitive	*tudomnās	*tudomnous	*tudomnom
dative	*tudomnai	*tudomnābom	*tudomnābos
instrumental	*?	*tudomnābim	*tudomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tudomnom	*tudomnou	*tudomnā
vocative	*tudomnom	*tudomnou	*tudomnā
accusative	*tudomnom	*tudomnou	*tudomnā
genitive	*tudomnī	*tudomnous	*tudomnom
dative	*tudomnūi	*tudomnobom	*tudomnobos
instrumental	*tudomnū	*tudomnobim	*tudomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tussos	*tussou	*tussoi
vocative	*tusse	*tussou	*tussoi
accusative	*tussom	*tussou	*tussons
genitive	*tussī	*tussous	*tussom
dative	*tussūi	*tussobom	*tussobos
instrumental	*tussū	*tussobim	*tussobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tussā	*tussai	*tussās
vocative	*tussā	*tussai	*tussās
accusative	*tussam	*tussai	*tussans
genitive	*tussās	*tussous	*tussom
dative	*tussai	*tussābom	*tussābos
instrumental	*?	*tussābim	*tussābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tussom	*tussou	*tussā
vocative	*tussom	*tussou	*tussā
accusative	*tussom	*tussou	*tussā
genitive	*tussī	*tussous	*tussom
dative	*tussūi	*tussobom	*tussobos
instrumental	*tussū	*tussobim	*tussobis

Related terms

*tudsman

Descendants

⇒ Old Irish: do·tuit (with *to- prefixed)
- Middle Irish: do·fuit, ·tuit
  - Irish: tuit, tit
  - Manx: tuitt
  - Scottish Gaelic: tuit

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tud-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kerV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 202

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tud-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 393

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kerV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 202

[1]

[2]