Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tougā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Delamarre compares Sanskrit तुञ्जन्ति (tuñjanti, “they strike”, 3pl. pres.) and Ancient Greek τύκος (túkos, “hammer”);^[1] the Sanskrit can be plausibly related, but the Greek cannot be (the Celtic has a -g-, not the -k- in Greek).

Noun

*tougā f

axe, hatchet
Synonym: *beyatlis

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tougā	*tougai	*tougās
vocative	*tougā	*tougai	*tougās
accusative	*tougam	*tougai	*tougāns
genitive	*tougās	*tougous	*tougom
dative	*tougāi	*tougābom	*tougābos
locative	*tougai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*tougābim	*tougābis

Descendants

Old Irish: túag
- Middle Irish: túag
  - Irish: tua
  - Manx: teigh
  - Scottish Gaelic: tuagh
Gaulish:
- →⇒ Latin: Contouca, Vertougus, Togirix, Togimarus, Togivepus

References

^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 299

[1] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 299

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