Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/toranos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *þunraz (“thunder”), Latin tonō (“to thunder”), Persian (tondar, “thunder”), and Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to resound; to thunder; to roar”).

Noun

*toranos m^[1]^[2]

thunder

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*toranos	*toranou	*toranoi
vocative	*torane	*toranou	*toranoi
accusative	*toranom	*toranou	*toranoms
genitive	*toranī	*toranous	*toranom
dative	*toranūi	*toranobom	*toranobos
locative	*toranei	*?	*?
instrumental	*toranū	*toranobim	*toranūis

Derived terms

*uɸotoranos (literally “sub-thunder”)
- Middle Irish: fothrann (“noise”), fothrom
  - Irish: fothram (“noise”)
- Proto-Brythonic: *gwodaran
  - Middle Welsh: godaran (“noisy”)

Related terms

*tonaros
- Proto-Brythonic:
  - → Latin: Tanaro
- Gaulish: *Tanaros
  - → Latin: Tanarus

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *taran
- Old Breton: taran
  - Breton: taran
- Old Cornish: taran
  - Cornish: taran
- Middle Welsh: taran
  - Welsh: taran
Old Irish: torann
- Irish: torann
- Scottish Gaelic: torrunn
- ⇒ Middle Irish: toirnech
  - Irish: toirneach
Gaulish: *taranus, Taranis^[3]

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*torano-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 384
^ Koch, John (2004) “*torano-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 362
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “taranus”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 290

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*torano-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 384

[2] Koch, John (2004) “*torano-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 362

[3] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “taranus”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 290

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