Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tinīti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Nasal-infix verb from Proto-Indo-European *teyh₁-, cognate to Old Norse þíðr (“thawed”), Old English þīnan (“to moisten”), and Hittite [script needed] (zēari, “to boil”).[1]
Verb
[edit]*tinīti
- to melt
Inflection
[edit]Only the present stem and the past participle are attested in Celtic. The similarly-shaped synonymous (but etymologically unrelated) verb *tādeti was used if other stems were needed.
| Seṭ-root athematic present with stem ablaut, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *tinīmi | *tinamam | ? | ? |
| 2nd singular | *tinīsi | *tinatās | ? | ? |
| 3rd singular | *tinīti | *tinato | ? | ? |
| 1st plural | *tinamosi | *tinamo | ? | ? |
| 2nd plural | *tinatesi | *tinastē | ? | ? |
| 3rd plural | *tinanti | *tinanto | ? | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *tinī | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | *tinītou | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | *tinamos | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *tinate | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | *tinantou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *tinīr | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *tinītar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *tinītor | ? | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *tinammor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *tinadwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *tinantor | ? | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *tītos | *tītou | *tītoi |
| vocative | *tīte | *tītou | *tītoi |
| accusative | *tītom | *tītou | *tītoms |
| genitive | *tītī | *tītous | *tītom |
| dative | *tītūi | *tītobom | *tītobos |
| instrumental | *tītū | *tītobim | *tītobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *tītā | *tītai | *tītās |
| vocative | *tītā | *tītai | *tītās |
| accusative | *tītam | *tītai | *tītams |
| genitive | *tītās | *tītous | *tītom |
| dative | *tītai | *tītābom | *tītābos |
| instrumental | *? | *tītābim | *tītābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *tītom | *tītou | *tītā |
| vocative | *tītom | *tītou | *tītā |
| accusative | *tītom | *tītou | *tītā |
| genitive | *tītī | *tītous | *tītom |
| dative | *tītūi | *tītobom | *tītobos |
| instrumental | *tītū | *tītobim | *tītobis |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Old Irish: tinaid
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ti-ni-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 379