Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/swexsos
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- *swexsetos (Insular)[1]
Etymology
[edit]The exact formation of this word depends on whether it should be reconstructed as *swexsos or swexstos.
- If *swexsos is reconstructed, it would be derived from *suḱsós (with *e reintroduced by analogy to the cardinal), an *-ós thematic ordinal.
- If *swexstos is instead reconstructed, it would be from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱstos, from *swéḱs (“six”) + *-tos (“-th”). Equivalent to *swexs + *-tos.
Insular branches have remodeled the suffix to *-etos.[1]
Adjective
[edit]| < 5th | 6th | 7th > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : *swexs Ordinal : *swexsos | ||
Inflection
[edit]| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *swexsos | *swexsou | *swexsoi |
| vocative | *swexse | *swexsou | *swexsoi |
| accusative | *swexsom | *swexsou | *swexsons |
| genitive | *swexsī | *swexsous | *swexsom |
| dative | *swexsūi | *swexsobom | *swexsobos |
| instrumental | *swexsū | *swexsobim | *swexsobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *swexsā | *swexsai | *swexsās |
| vocative | *swexsā | *swexsai | *swexsās |
| accusative | *swexsam | *swexsai | *swexsans |
| genitive | *swexsās | *swexsous | *swexsom |
| dative | *swexsai | *swexsābom | *swexsābos |
| instrumental | *? | *swexsābim | *swexsābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *swexsom | *swexsou | *swexsā |
| vocative | *swexsom | *swexsou | *swexsā |
| accusative | *swexsom | *swexsou | *swexsā |
| genitive | *swexsī | *swexsous | *swexsom |
| dative | *swexsūi | *swexsobom | *swexsobos |
| instrumental | *swexsū | *swexsobim | *swexsobis |
Reconstruction notes
[edit]- Gaulish suexos may be ambiguous:
- It is often seen as a relic of a most archaic ordinal formation of simply attaching thematic inflection to the base cardinal number. Under this theory, *swexsos should be reconstructed.
- Alternatively, it can be seen as a dental-suffix ordinal like Latin sextus; under this theory, *swexstos would be reconstructed.
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Brythonic: *hwexed
- Breton: c'houecved
- Cornish: whefes
- Middle Welsh: chwechet
- Old Irish: seissed, sessed
- Gaulish: suexos
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “suexos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 286: “celtique insulaire a une forme *suexsetos”
- ^ John Koch, editor (2006), “Belgae”, in Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 199
- ^ Kim McCone (1994) “An tSean-Ghaeilge agus a Réamhstair”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, page 209
- ^ Stifter, David (1999) “A Contribution to Celtiberian Etymology”, in Die Sprache, volume 41, page 61
- ^ Kortlandt, Frederik (2015) “Tocharian ē-grade verb forms”, in Tocharian and Indo-European Studies, volume 16, pages 51-59