Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sistati

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti.

Verb

*sistati

1. to put
2. to stand

Inflection

The a-coloured thematic present is due to Schumacher, who prefers it over an athematic conjugation to account for the verb failing to form an A I verb in Old Irish. The verb was reformed to *sisteti in Insular Celtic.

Thematic present with a-colouring, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*sistū	*sistamam	?	*sestū
2nd singular	*sistasi	*sistatās	?	*sestūs
3rd singular	*sistati	*sistato	?	*sestū
1st plural	*sistomosi	*sistamo	?	*sestamo
2nd plural	*sistatesi	*sistastē	?	*sestate
3rd plural	*sistonti	*sistanto	?	*sestars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	?	—
2nd singular	?	?	*sista
3rd singular	?	?	*sistatou
1st plural	?	?	*sistomos
2nd plural	?	?	*sistate
3rd plural	?	?	*sistontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*sistūr	—	?	—
2nd singular	*sistatar	—	?	—
3rd singular	*sistator	?	?	—
1st plural	*sistommor	—	?	—
2nd plural	*sistadwe	—	?	—
3rd plural	*sistontor	?	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	—	—
2nd singular	?	—	—
3rd singular	?	—	—
1st plural	?	—	—
2nd plural	?	—	—
3rd plural	?	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sistonts	*sistonte	*sistontes
vocative	*sistonts	*sistonte	*sistontes
accusative	*sistontam	*sistonte	*sistontans
genitive	*sistantos	*?	*sistantom
dative	*sistantei	*sistantbom	*sistantbos
instrumental	*sistantī?	*sistantbim	*sistantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sistantī	*sistantī	*sistantiyās
vocative	*sistantī	*sistantī	*sistantiyās
accusative	*sistantīm	*sistantī	*sistantiyans
genitive	*sistantyās	*?	*sistantyom
dative	*sistantyāi	*sistantyābom	*sistantyābos
instrumental	*?	*sistantyābim	*sistantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sistont	*?	*sistonta
vocative	*sistont	*?	*sistonta
accusative	*sistont	*?	*sistonta
genitive	*sistantos	*?	*sistantom
dative	*sistantei	*?	*sistantbos
instrumental	*sistantī?	*?	*sistantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sistomnos	*sistomnou	*sistomnoi
vocative	*sistomne	*sistomnou	*sistomnoi
accusative	*sistomnom	*sistomnou	*sistomnons
genitive	*sistomnī	*sistomnous	*sistomnom
dative	*sistomnūi	*sistomnobom	*sistomnobos
instrumental	*sistomnū	*sistomnobim	*sistomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sistomnā	*sistomnai	*sistomnās
vocative	*sistomnā	*sistomnai	*sistomnās
accusative	*sistomnam	*sistomnai	*sistomnans
genitive	*sistomnās	*sistomnous	*sistomnom
dative	*sistomnai	*sistomnābom	*sistomnābos
instrumental	*?	*sistomnābim	*sistomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sistomnom	*sistomnou	*sistomnā
vocative	*sistomnom	*sistomnou	*sistomnā
accusative	*sistomnom	*sistomnou	*sistomnā
genitive	*sistomnī	*sistomnous	*sistomnom
dative	*sistomnūi	*sistomnobom	*sistomnobos
instrumental	*sistomnū	*sistomnobim	*sistomnobis

Derived terms

• *ɸare-sistati
  • Old Irish: ar·sissedar
  • ⇒ *to-ɸare-sistati
    • Old Irish: do·airissedar
• *uɸo-sistati
  • Old Irish: fo·sisedar
• *sistamus

Descendants

• Old Irish: ·roísur (1sg. present), siasair (preterite of saidid)
• Celtiberian: sistat