Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sekʷeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sékʷ-e-ti (“to say”).^[1]^[2] Cognate with Latin inquam, Ancient Greek ἐνέπω (enépō) and Proto-Germanic *sagjaną.

Verb

*sekʷeti^[1]^[2]

to say

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*sekʷū	*sekʷemam	?	*sākʷa
2nd singular	*sekʷesi	*sekʷetās	?	*sākʷas?
3rd singular	*sekʷeti	*sekʷeto	?	*sākʷe
1st plural	*sekʷomosi	*sekʷemo	?	*sākʷmo
2nd plural	*sekʷetesi	*sekʷestē	?	*sākʷe
3rd plural	*sekʷonti	*sekʷento	?	*sākʷars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*sexsū	?	—
2nd singular	*sexsesi	?	*sekʷe
3rd singular	*sexseti	?	*sekʷetou
1st plural	*sexsomosi	?	*sekʷomos
2nd plural	*sexsetesi	?	*sekʷete
3rd plural	*sexsonti	?	*sekʷontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*sekʷūr	—	?	*sākʷra
2nd singular	*sekʷetar	—	?	*sākʷras?
3rd singular	*sekʷetor	?	?	*sākʷre
1st plural	*sekʷommor	—	?	?
2nd plural	*sekʷedwe	—	?	?
3rd plural	*sekʷontor	?	?	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*sexsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*sexsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*sexsetor	—	—
1st plural	*sexsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*sexsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*sexsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sekʷonts	*sekʷonte	*sekʷontes
vocative	*sekʷonts	*sekʷonte	*sekʷontes
accusative	*sekʷontam	*sekʷonte	*sekʷontans
genitive	*sekʷantos	*?	*sekʷantom
dative	*sekʷantei	*sekʷantbom	*sekʷantbos
instrumental	*sekʷantī?	*sekʷantbim	*sekʷantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sekʷantī	*sekʷantī	*sekʷantiyās
vocative	*sekʷantī	*sekʷantī	*sekʷantiyās
accusative	*sekʷantīm	*sekʷantī	*sekʷantiyans
genitive	*sekʷantyās	*?	*sekʷantyom
dative	*sekʷantyāi	*sekʷantyābom	*sekʷantyābos
instrumental	*?	*sekʷantyābim	*sekʷantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sekʷont	*?	*sekʷonta
vocative	*sekʷont	*?	*sekʷonta
accusative	*sekʷont	*?	*sekʷonta
genitive	*sekʷantos	*?	*sekʷantom
dative	*sekʷantei	*?	*sekʷantbos
instrumental	*sekʷantī?	*?	*sekʷantbis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sextos	*sextou	*sextoi
vocative	*sexte	*sextou	*sextoi
accusative	*sextom	*sextou	*sextons
genitive	*sextī	*sextous	*sextom
dative	*sextūi	*sextobom	*sextobos
instrumental	*sextū	*sextobim	*sextobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sextā	*sextai	*sextās
vocative	*sextā	*sextai	*sextās
accusative	*sextam	*sextai	*sextans
genitive	*sextās	*sextous	*sextom
dative	*sextai	*sextābom	*sextābos
instrumental	*?	*sextābim	*sextābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sextom	*sextou	*sextā
vocative	*sextom	*sextou	*sextā
accusative	*sextom	*sextou	*sextā
genitive	*sextī	*sextous	*sextom
dative	*sextūi	*sextobom	*sextobos
instrumental	*sextū	*sextobim	*sextobis

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *hėbɨd
- Old Breton: hep
- Old Welsh: hepp (3sg. pres.)
  - Middle Welsh: heb (3sg. pres.), hebaf (1sg. pres.)
    - Welsh: hebu
Old Irish: seichid
- Middle Irish: sechid

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “Urkelt. 2.*sek^u̯-e/o- ‘sagen’”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 565-68
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sekʷ-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 328

[KPV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “Urkelt. 2.*sek^u̯-e/o- ‘sagen’”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 565-68

[Matasovic-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sekʷ-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 328

[1]

[2]