Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/seg(y)eti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *seg- (“to attach, sow”), the most obvious cognate being Latin seges.

Verb

*seg(y)eti

1. to sow

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*seg(y)ū	*seg(y)emam	?	*sāga
2nd singular	*seg(y)esi	*seg(y)etās	?	*sāgas?
3rd singular	*seg(y)eti	*seg(y)eto	?	*sāge
1st plural	*seg(y)omosi	*seg(y)emo	?	*sāgmo
2nd plural	*seg(y)etesi	*seg(y)estē	?	*sāxte
3rd plural	*seg(y)onti	*seg(y)ento	?	*sāgars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*sexsū	?	—
2nd singular	*sexsesi	?	*seg(y)e
3rd singular	*sexseti	?	*seg(y)etou
1st plural	*sexsomosi	?	*seg(y)omos
2nd plural	*sexsetesi	?	*seg(y)ete
3rd plural	*sexsonti	?	*seg(y)ontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*seg(y)ūr	—	?	*sāgra
2nd singular	*seg(y)etar	—	?	*sāgras?
3rd singular	*seg(y)etor	?	?	*sāgre
1st plural	*seg(y)ommor	—	?	?
2nd plural	*seg(y)edwe	—	?	?
3rd plural	*seg(y)ontor	?	?	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*sexsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*sexsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*sexsetor	—	—
1st plural	*sexsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*sexsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*sexsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*seg(y)onts	*seg(y)onte	*seg(y)ontes
vocative	*seg(y)onts	*seg(y)onte	*seg(y)ontes
accusative	*seg(y)ontam	*seg(y)onte	*seg(y)ontans
genitive	*seg(y)antos	*?	*seg(y)antom
dative	*seg(y)antei	*seg(y)antbom	*seg(y)antbos
instrumental	*seg(y)antī?	*seg(y)antbim	*seg(y)antbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*seg(y)antī	*seg(y)antī	*seg(y)antiyās
vocative	*seg(y)antī	*seg(y)antī	*seg(y)antiyās
accusative	*seg(y)antīm	*seg(y)antī	*seg(y)antiyans
genitive	*seg(y)antyās	*?	*seg(y)antyom
dative	*seg(y)antyāi	*seg(y)antyābom	*seg(y)antyābos
instrumental	*?	*seg(y)antyābim	*seg(y)antyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*seg(y)ont	*?	*seg(y)onta
vocative	*seg(y)ont	*?	*seg(y)onta
accusative	*seg(y)ont	*?	*seg(y)onta
genitive	*seg(y)antos	*?	*seg(y)antom
dative	*seg(y)antei	*?	*seg(y)antbos
instrumental	*seg(y)antī?	*?	*seg(y)antbis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sextos	*sextou	*sextoi
vocative	*sexte	*sextou	*sextoi
accusative	*sextom	*sextou	*sextons
genitive	*sextī	*sextous	*sextom
dative	*sextūi	*sextobom	*sextobos
instrumental	*sextū	*sextobim	*sextobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sextā	*sextai	*sextās
vocative	*sextā	*sextai	*sextās
accusative	*sextam	*sextai	*sextans
genitive	*sextās	*sextous	*sextom
dative	*sextai	*sextābom	*sextābos
instrumental	*?	*sextābim	*sextābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sextom	*sextou	*sextā
vocative	*sextom	*sextou	*sextā
accusative	*sextom	*sextou	*sextā
genitive	*sextī	*sextous	*sextom
dative	*sextūi	*sextobom	*sextobos
instrumental	*sextū	*sextobim	*sextobis

Derived terms

• *seg(m)etos
  • Middle Irish: séimed (with influence from Latin sēmen)

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *hėɣɨd
  • Middle Welsh: hëu
    • Welsh: hau, heu