Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sagrosagyetor

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *sagros (“insulting”) +‎ *-sagyetor (denominative suffix). One of the oldest verbs of this type, given the presence of a Brittonic reflex and a "seeking" meaning ("seeking outrage").^[1]

Verb

*sagrosagyetor

to insult, offend

Inflection

Thematic present, deponent
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*sagrosagyūr	—	?	—
2nd singular	*sagrosagyetar	—	?	—
3rd singular	*sagrosagyetor	?	?	—
1st plural	*sagrosagyommor	—	?	—
2nd plural	*sagrosagyedwe	—	?	—
3rd plural	*sagrosagyontor	?	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	—	—
2nd singular	?	—	—
3rd singular	?	—	—
1st plural	?	—	—
2nd plural	?	—	—
3rd plural	?	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sagrosagyonts	*sagrosagyonte	*sagrosagyontes
vocative	*sagrosagyonts	*sagrosagyonte	*sagrosagyontes
accusative	*sagrosagyontam	*sagrosagyonte	*sagrosagyontans
genitive	*sagrosagyantos	*?	*sagrosagyantom
dative	*sagrosagyantei	*sagrosagyantbom	*sagrosagyantbos
instrumental	*sagrosagyantī?	*sagrosagyantbim	*sagrosagyantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sagrosagyantī	*sagrosagyantī	*sagrosagyantiyās
vocative	*sagrosagyantī	*sagrosagyantī	*sagrosagyantiyās
accusative	*sagrosagyantīm	*sagrosagyantī	*sagrosagyantiyans
genitive	*sagrosagyantyās	*?	*sagrosagyantyom
dative	*sagrosagyantyāi	*sagrosagyantyābom	*sagrosagyantyābos
instrumental	*?	*sagrosagyantyābim	*sagrosagyantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sagrosagyont	*?	*sagrosagyonta
vocative	*sagrosagyont	*?	*sagrosagyonta
accusative	*sagrosagyont	*?	*sagrosagyonta
genitive	*sagrosagyantos	*?	*sagrosagyantom
dative	*sagrosagyantei	*?	*sagrosagyantbos
instrumental	*sagrosagyantī?	*?	*sagrosagyantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sagrosagyomnos	*sagrosagyomnou	*sagrosagyomnoi
vocative	*sagrosagyomne	*sagrosagyomnou	*sagrosagyomnoi
accusative	*sagrosagyomnom	*sagrosagyomnou	*sagrosagyomnons
genitive	*sagrosagyomnī	*sagrosagyomnous	*sagrosagyomnom
dative	*sagrosagyomnūi	*sagrosagyomnobom	*sagrosagyomnobos
instrumental	*sagrosagyomnū	*sagrosagyomnobim	*sagrosagyomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sagrosagyomnā	*sagrosagyomnai	*sagrosagyomnās
vocative	*sagrosagyomnā	*sagrosagyomnai	*sagrosagyomnās
accusative	*sagrosagyomnam	*sagrosagyomnai	*sagrosagyomnans
genitive	*sagrosagyomnās	*sagrosagyomnous	*sagrosagyomnom
dative	*sagrosagyomnai	*sagrosagyomnābom	*sagrosagyomnābos
instrumental	*?	*sagrosagyomnābim	*sagrosagyomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sagrosagyomnom	*sagrosagyomnou	*sagrosagyomnā
vocative	*sagrosagyomnom	*sagrosagyomnou	*sagrosagyomnā
accusative	*sagrosagyomnom	*sagrosagyomnou	*sagrosagyomnā
genitive	*sagrosagyomnī	*sagrosagyomnous	*sagrosagyomnom
dative	*sagrosagyomnūi	*sagrosagyomnobom	*sagrosagyomnobos
instrumental	*sagrosagyomnū	*sagrosagyomnobim	*sagrosagyomnobis

Reconstruction notes

The Welsh first a instead of ae may be due to pretonic reduction.^[2]

Derived terms

*sagrosagetus

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *saɨrhėɣɨd
- Middle Welsh: sarhau (also attested with initial sayr-, ser-)
  - Welsh: sarhau
Old Irish: sáraigid, sáraigidir
- Middle Irish: sáraigid
  - Irish: sáraigh

References

^ Le Mair, Esther (2011 September 30) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, pages 81, 239
^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, page 413

[1] Le Mair, Esther (2011 September 30) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, pages 81, 239

[2] Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, page 413

[1]

[2]