Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rūskos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Possibly from earlier *rukskos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, to stir”). Cognate with Latin runcō (“to grub, weed”), Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig, grub”), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”). Related to Irish rúam (“spade, shovel”).

Noun

*rūskos m

1. bark
2. beehive

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ruskos	*ruskou	*ruskoi
vocative	*ruske	*ruskou	*ruskoi
accusative	*ruskom	*ruskou	*ruskoms
genitive	*ruskī	*ruskous	*ruskom
dative	*ruskūi	*ruskobom	*ruskobos
locative	*ruskei	*?	*?
instrumental	*ruskū	*ruskobim	*ruskūis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *rrisk
  • Middle Breton: rusquenn
    • Breton: rusk (“bark”), ruskenn (“beehive”)
  • Old Cornish: rusc
    • Middle Cornish: risc
      • Cornish: rusk
  • Middle Welsh: risgl
    • Welsh: rhisgl, rhisg
• Old Irish: rúsc
  • Irish: rúsc
  • Manx: roost
  • Scottish Gaelic: rùsg
• Gaulish: rusca
  • → Medieval Latin: rusca (see there for further descendants)