Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/luweti
 |
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (“to loosen, set free”). Cognate to Latin luō (“to set free”) and Ancient Greek λύω (lúō, “to loosen”).[1]
Verb
[edit]*luweti
- to come loose
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic present | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *luwū | *luwemam | *lilūsū | — |
| 2nd singular | *luwesi | *luwetās | *lilūsesi | — |
| 3rd singular | *luweti | *luweto | *lilūseti | — |
| 1st plural | *luwomosi | *luwemo | *lilūsomosi | — |
| 2nd plural | *luwetesi | *luwestē | *lilūsetesi | — |
| 3rd plural | *luwonti | *luwento | *lilūsonti | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *luwasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *luwasesi | ? | *luwe | |
| 3rd singular | *luwaseti | ? | *luwetou | |
| 1st plural | *luwasomosi | ? | *luwomos | |
| 2nd plural | *luwasetesi | ? | *luwete | |
| 3rd plural | *luwasonti | ? | *luwontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *luwūr | — | *lilūsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *luwetar | — | *lilūsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *luwetor | ? | *lilūsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *luwommor | — | *lilūsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *luwedwe | — | *lilūsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *luwontor | ? | *lilūsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *luwasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *luwasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *luwasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *luwasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *luwasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *luwasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *lutos | *lutou | *lutoi |
| vocative | *lute | *lutou | *lutoi |
| accusative | *lutom | *lutou | *lutons |
| genitive | *lutī | *lutous | *lutom |
| dative | *lutūi | *lutobom | *lutobos |
| instrumental | *lutū | *lutobim | *lutobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *lutā | *lutai | *lutās |
| vocative | *lutā | *lutai | *lutās |
| accusative | *lutam | *lutai | *lutans |
| genitive | *lutās | *lutous | *lutom |
| dative | *lutai | *lutābom | *lutābos |
| instrumental | *? | *lutābim | *lutābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *lutom | *lutou | *lutā |
| vocative | *lutom | *lutou | *lutā |
| accusative | *lutom | *lutou | *lutā |
| genitive | *lutī | *lutous | *lutom |
| dative | *lutūi | *lutobom | *lutobos |
| instrumental | *lutū | *lutobim | *lutobis |
Descendants
[edit]This verb did not survive as a simple verb in Old Irish, and the derivatives were conflated with unrelated luithir (“to move”), given how the present stem of as·luí is usually as·lu- instead of the expected *as-lo- with a merger of -ow- and -uw-;[2] contrast Old Irish soïd from Proto-Celtic *suweti. A list of derived terms will be provided below:
- ⇒ Old Irish: as·luí
- ⇒ Old Irish: as·comlai
- ⇒ Old Irish: con·úalai
- ⇒ Old Irish: do·cumlai
- ⇒ Middle Irish: con·luí
- ⇒ Middle Irish: do·élai
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*luw-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 250
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 463