Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kiyeti
Appearance
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to fall”).[1]
Verb
[edit]*kiyeti[2]
- to fall
Inflection
[edit]The future and subjunctive stems are analogical after verbs that were formed from laryngeal-final roots in the shape *CeyH-.
Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Active voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *kiyū | *kiyemam | *kikīsū | *kika |
2nd singular | *kiyesi | *kiyetās | *kikīsesi | *kikas? |
3rd singular | *kiyeti | *kiyeto | *kikīseti | *kike |
1st plural | *kiyomosi | *kiyemo | *kikīsomosi | *kikmo |
2nd plural | *kiyetesi | *kiyestē | *kikīsetesi | *kixte |
3rd plural | *kiyonti | *kiyento | *kikīsonti | *kikars |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *keyasū | ? | — | |
2nd singular | *keyasesi | ? | *kiye | |
3rd singular | *keyaseti | ? | *kiyetou | |
1st plural | *keyasomosi | ? | *kiyomos | |
2nd plural | *keyasetesi | ? | *kiyete | |
3rd plural | *keyasonti | ? | *kiyontou | |
Passive voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *kiyūr | — | *kikīsūr | *kikra |
2nd singular | *kiyetar | — | *kikīsetar | *kikras? |
3rd singular | *kiyetor | ? | *kikīsetor | *kikre |
1st plural | *kiyommor | — | *kikīsommor | ? |
2nd plural | *kiyedwe | — | *kikīsedwe | ? |
3rd plural | *kiyontor | ? | *kikīsontor | ? |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *keyasūr | — | — | |
2nd singular | *keyasetar | — | — | |
3rd singular | *keyasetor | — | — | |
1st plural | *keyasommor | — | — | |
2nd plural | *keyasedwe | — | — | |
3rd plural | *keyasontor | — | — |
Declension of the past participle | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *kitos | *kitou | *kitoi |
vocative | *kite | *kitou | *kitoi |
accusative | *kitom | *kitou | *kitoms |
genitive | *kitī | *kitous | *kitom |
dative | *kitūi | *kitobom | *kitobos |
instrumental | *kitū | *kitobim | *kitobis |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *kitā | *kitai | *kitās |
vocative | *kitā | *kitai | *kitās |
accusative | *kitam | *kitai | *kitams |
genitive | *kitās | *kitous | *kitom |
dative | *kitai | *kitābom | *kitābos |
instrumental | *? | *kitābim | *kitābis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *kitom | *kitou | *kitā |
vocative | *kitom | *kitou | *kitā |
accusative | *kitom | *kitou | *kitā |
genitive | *kitī | *kitous | *kitom |
dative | *kitūi | *kitobom | *kitobos |
instrumental | *kitū | *kitobim | *kitobis |
Derived terms
[edit]- *to-kiyeti
- Middle Welsh: dychiawr (3sg), dychiorant (3pl)
Related terms
[edit]- *kei-d-eti (dental extension with full root grade)
- *dī-keideti
- Middle Breton: digoezaff
- *to-keideti
- *uɸo-keideti
- Middle Welsh: gogwydaw
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Brythonic: (converted to deponent)
- Old Irish: ciid (“to cry”)
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ki-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 404-410