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Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gʷeleti

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

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Etymology

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Unknown. The related term *gʷeltā (“grass, pasture”) having gw- reflexes in Brythonic necessitate reconstructing a labiovelar, which means that their root must have originally contained *gʷʰ-. However, no such root *gʷʰel- with a relevant meaning is known for Proto-Indo-European.[1] Pokorny compares Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“wool”), see also *woltos (“hair (of the head)”), Proto-Slavic *volsъ (“hair”).[2]

Verb

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*gʷeleti

  1. to graze

Inflection

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Thematic present, t-preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *gʷelū *gʷelemam ? *gʷilam
2nd singular *gʷelesi *gʷeletās ? *gʷils
3rd singular *gʷeleti *gʷeleto ? *gʷilt
1st plural *gʷelomosi *gʷelemo ? *gʷilme
2nd plural *gʷeletesi *gʷelestē ? *gʷilte
3rd plural *gʷelonti *gʷelento ? *gʷilant
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular ? ? —
2nd singular ? ? *gʷele
3rd singular ? ? *gʷeletou
1st plural ? ? *gʷelomos
2nd plural ? ? *gʷelete
3rd plural ? ? *gʷelontou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *gʷelūr — ? ?
2nd singular *gʷeletar — ? ?
3rd singular *gʷeletor ? ? ?
1st plural *gʷelommor — ? ?
2nd plural *gʷeledwe — ? ?
3rd plural *gʷelontor ? ? *gʷilanto
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular ? — —
2nd singular ? — —
3rd singular ? — —
1st plural ? — —
2nd plural ? — —
3rd plural ? — —
Declension of the present participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷelonts *gʷelonte *gʷelontes
vocative *gʷelonts *gʷelonte *gʷelontes
accusative *gʷelontam *gʷelonte *gʷelontans
genitive *gʷelantos *? *gʷelantom
dative *gʷelantei *gʷelantbom *gʷelantbos
instrumental *gʷelantī? *gʷelantbim *gʷelantbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷelantī *gʷelantī *gʷelantiyās
vocative *gʷelantī *gʷelantī *gʷelantiyās
accusative *gʷelantīm *gʷelantī *gʷelantiyans
genitive *gʷelantyās *? *gʷelantyom
dative *gʷelantyāi *gʷelantyābom *gʷelantyābos
instrumental *? *gʷelantyābim *gʷelantyābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gʷelont *? *gʷelonta
vocative *gʷelont *? *gʷelonta
accusative *gʷelont *? *gʷelonta
genitive *gʷelantos *? *gʷelantom
dative *gʷelantei *? *gʷelantbos
instrumental *gʷelantī? *? *gʷelantbis
Declension of the middle participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷelomnos *gʷelomnou *gʷelomnoi
vocative *gʷelomne *gʷelomnou *gʷelomnoi
accusative *gʷelomnom *gʷelomnou *gʷelomnons
genitive *gʷelomnī *gʷelomnous *gʷelomnom
dative *gʷelomnūi *gʷelomnobom *gʷelomnobos
instrumental *gʷelomnū *gʷelomnobim *gʷelomnobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷelomnā *gʷelomnai *gʷelomnās
vocative *gʷelomnā *gʷelomnai *gʷelomnās
accusative *gʷelomnam *gʷelomnai *gʷelomnans
genitive *gʷelomnās *gʷelomnous *gʷelomnom
dative *gʷelomnai *gʷelomnābom *gʷelomnābos
instrumental *? *gʷelomnābim *gʷelomnābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gʷelomnom *gʷelomnou *gʷelomnā
vocative *gʷelomnom *gʷelomnou *gʷelomnā
accusative *gʷelomnom *gʷelomnou *gʷelomnā
genitive *gʷelomnī *gʷelomnous *gʷelomnom
dative *gʷelomnūi *gʷelomnobom *gʷelomnobos
instrumental *gʷelomnū *gʷelomnobim *gʷelomnobis
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷlitos *gʷlitou *gʷlitoi
vocative *gʷlite *gʷlitou *gʷlitoi
accusative *gʷlitom *gʷlitou *gʷlitons
genitive *gʷlitī *gʷlitous *gʷlitom
dative *gʷlitūi *gʷlitobom *gʷlitobos
instrumental *gʷlitū *gʷlitobim *gʷlitobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷlitā *gʷlitai *gʷlitās
vocative *gʷlitā *gʷlitai *gʷlitās
accusative *gʷlitam *gʷlitai *gʷlitans
genitive *gʷlitās *gʷlitous *gʷlitom
dative *gʷlitai *gʷlitābom *gʷlitābos
instrumental *? *gʷlitābim *gʷlitābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gʷlitom *gʷlitou *gʷlitā
vocative *gʷlitom *gʷlitou *gʷlitā
accusative *gʷlitom *gʷlitou *gʷlitā
genitive *gʷlitī *gʷlitous *gʷlitom
dative *gʷlitūi *gʷlitobom *gʷlitobos
instrumental *gʷlitū *gʷlitobim *gʷlitobis
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Descendants

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  • Old Irish: gelid

References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 145
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1139-40”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1139-40
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