Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gʷeleti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown. The related term *gʷeltā (“grass, pasture”) having gw- reflexes in Brythonic necessitate reconstructing a labiovelar, which means that their root must have originally contained *gʷʰ-. However, no such root *gʷʰel- with a relevant meaning is known for Proto-Indo-European.[1] Pokorny compares Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“wool”), see also *woltos (“hair (of the head)”), Proto-Slavic *volsъ (“hair”).[2]
Verb
[edit]*gʷeleti
- to graze
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic present, t-preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *gʷelū | *gʷelemam | ? | *gʷilam |
| 2nd singular | *gʷelesi | *gʷeletās | ? | *gʷils |
| 3rd singular | *gʷeleti | *gʷeleto | ? | *gʷilt |
| 1st plural | *gʷelomosi | *gʷelemo | ? | *gʷilme |
| 2nd plural | *gʷeletesi | *gʷelestē | ? | *gʷilte |
| 3rd plural | *gʷelonti | *gʷelento | ? | *gʷilant |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *gʷele | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | *gʷeletou | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | *gʷelomos | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *gʷelete | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | *gʷelontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *gʷelūr | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *gʷeletar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *gʷeletor | ? | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *gʷelommor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *gʷeledwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *gʷelontor | ? | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷlitos | *gʷlitou | *gʷlitoi |
| vocative | *gʷlite | *gʷlitou | *gʷlitoi |
| accusative | *gʷlitom | *gʷlitou | *gʷlitoms |
| genitive | *gʷlitī | *gʷlitous | *gʷlitom |
| dative | *gʷlitūi | *gʷlitobom | *gʷlitobos |
| instrumental | *gʷlitū | *gʷlitobim | *gʷlitobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷlitā | *gʷlitai | *gʷlitās |
| vocative | *gʷlitā | *gʷlitai | *gʷlitās |
| accusative | *gʷlitam | *gʷlitai | *gʷlitams |
| genitive | *gʷlitās | *gʷlitous | *gʷlitom |
| dative | *gʷlitai | *gʷlitābom | *gʷlitābos |
| instrumental | *? | *gʷlitābim | *gʷlitābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷlitom | *gʷlitou | *gʷlitā |
| vocative | *gʷlitom | *gʷlitou | *gʷlitā |
| accusative | *gʷlitom | *gʷlitou | *gʷlitā |
| genitive | *gʷlitī | *gʷlitous | *gʷlitom |
| dative | *gʷlitūi | *gʷlitobom | *gʷlitobos |
| instrumental | *gʷlitū | *gʷlitobim | *gʷlitobis |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Old Irish: gelid
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 145
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1139-40”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1139-40