Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/barnati

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥-né-H-ti ~ *gʷr̥-n-H-énti, from *gʷerH- (“to praise, elevate”) +‎ *-né- +‎ *-ti.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Verb

*barnati

to proclaim

Inflection

Athematic present
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*barnami	*barnamam	*bibrāsū	—
2nd singular	*barnasi	*barnatās	*bibrāsesi	—
3rd singular	*barnati	*barnato	*bibrāseti	—
1st plural	*barnamosi	*barnamo	*bibrāsomosi	—
2nd plural	*barnatesi	*barnastē	*bibrāsetesi	—
3rd plural	*barnanti	*barnanto	*bibrāsonti	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	?	—
2nd singular	?	?	*barna
3rd singular	?	?	*barnatou
1st plural	?	?	*barnamos
2nd plural	?	?	*barnate
3rd plural	?	?	*barnantou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*barnar	—	*bibrāsūr	—
2nd singular	*barnatar	—	*bibrāsetar	—
3rd singular	*barnator	?	*bibrāsetor	—
1st plural	*barnammor	—	*bibrāsommor	—
2nd plural	*barnadwe	—	*bibrāsedwe	—
3rd plural	*barnantor	?	*bibrāsontor	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	—	—
2nd singular	?	—	—
3rd singular	?	—	—
1st plural	?	—	—
2nd plural	?	—	—
3rd plural	?	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*barnants	*barnante	*barnantes
vocative	*barnants	*barnante	*barnantes
accusative	*barnantam	*barnante	*barnantans
genitive	*barnantos	*?	*barnantom
dative	*barnantei	*barnantbom	*barnantbos
instrumental	*barnantī?	*barnantbim	*barnantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*barnantī	*barnantī	*barnantiyās
vocative	*barnantī	*barnantī	*barnantiyās
accusative	*barnantīm	*barnantī	*barnantiyans
genitive	*barnantyās	*?	*barnantyom
dative	*barnantyāi	*barnantyābom	*barnantyābos
instrumental	*?	*barnantyābim	*barnantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*barnant	*?	*barnanta
vocative	*barnant	*?	*barnanta
accusative	*barnant	*?	*barnanta
genitive	*barnantos	*?	*barnantom
dative	*barnantei	*?	*barnantbos
instrumental	*barnantī?	*?	*barnantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*barnamnos	*barnamnou	*barnamnoi
vocative	*barnamne	*barnamnou	*barnamnoi
accusative	*barnamnom	*barnamnou	*barnamnons
genitive	*barnamnī	*barnamnous	*barnamnom
dative	*barnamnūi	*barnamnobom	*barnamnobos
instrumental	*barnamnū	*barnamnobim	*barnamnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*barnamnā	*barnamnai	*barnamnās
vocative	*barnamnā	*barnamnai	*barnamnās
accusative	*barnamnam	*barnamnai	*barnamnans
genitive	*barnamnās	*barnamnous	*barnamnom
dative	*barnamnai	*barnamnābom	*barnamnābos
instrumental	*?	*barnamnābim	*barnamnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*barnamnom	*barnamnou	*barnamnā
vocative	*barnamnom	*barnamnou	*barnamnā
accusative	*barnamnom	*barnamnou	*barnamnā
genitive	*barnamnī	*barnamnous	*barnamnom
dative	*barnamnūi	*barnamnobom	*barnamnobos
instrumental	*barnamnū	*barnamnobim	*barnamnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*brātos	*brātou	*brātoi
vocative	*brāte	*brātou	*brātoi
accusative	*brātom	*brātou	*brātons
genitive	*brātī	*brātous	*brātom
dative	*brātūi	*brātobom	*brātobos
instrumental	*brātū	*brātobim	*brātobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*brātā	*brātai	*brātās
vocative	*brātā	*brātai	*brātās
accusative	*brātam	*brātai	*brātans
genitive	*brātās	*brātous	*brātom
dative	*brātai	*brātābom	*brātābos
instrumental	*?	*brātābim	*brātābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*brātom	*brātou	*brātā
vocative	*brātom	*brātou	*brātā
accusative	*brātom	*brātou	*brātā
genitive	*brātī	*brātous	*brātom
dative	*brātūi	*brātobom	*brātobos
instrumental	*brātū	*brātobim	*brātobis

Descendants

Brythonic: *barnad
- Middle Breton: barn
- Middle Welsh: barnu, barnaf
  - Welsh: barnu

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bar-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 57-58
^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 83
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 168
^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “barn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bar-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 57-58

[2] Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 83

[3] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 168

[4] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “barn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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