Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸougīti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *powǵ-éye-ti, an o-grade *-éyeti iterative formed to the root *pewǵ- (“to prick”).

Verb

*ɸougīti

1. to sew, stitch

Inflection

Ī-present
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*ɸougeyū	*ɸougīmam	?	—
2nd singular	*ɸougīsi	*ɸougītās	?	—
3rd singular	*ɸougīti	*ɸougīto	?	—
1st plural	*ɸougeyomosi	*ɸougīmo	?	—
2nd plural	*ɸougītesi	*ɸougīstē	?	—
3rd plural	*ɸougeyonti	*ɸougīnto	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	?	—
2nd singular	?	?	*ɸougī
3rd singular	?	?	*ɸougītou
1st plural	?	?	*ɸougeyomos
2nd plural	?	?	*ɸougīte
3rd plural	?	?	*ɸougeyontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*ɸougeyūr	—	?	—
2nd singular	*ɸougītar	—	?	—
3rd singular	*ɸougītor	?	?	—
1st plural	*ɸougeyommor	—	?	—
2nd plural	*ɸougīdwe	—	?	—
3rd plural	*ɸougeyontor	?	?	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	?	—	—
2nd singular	?	—	—
3rd singular	?	—	—
1st plural	?	—	—
2nd plural	?	—	—
3rd plural	?	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸougeyonts	*ɸougeyonte	*ɸougeyontes
vocative	*ɸougeyonts	*ɸougeyonte	*ɸougeyontes
accusative	*ɸougeyontam	*ɸougeyonte	*ɸougeyontans
genitive	*ɸougeyantos	*?	*ɸougeyantom
dative	*ɸougeyantei	*ɸougeyantbom	*ɸougeyantbos
instrumental	*ɸougeyantī?	*ɸougeyantbim	*ɸougeyantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸougeyantī	*ɸougeyantī	*ɸougeyantiyās
vocative	*ɸougeyantī	*ɸougeyantī	*ɸougeyantiyās
accusative	*ɸougeyantīm	*ɸougeyantī	*ɸougeyantiyans
genitive	*ɸougeyantyās	*?	*ɸougeyantyom
dative	*ɸougeyantyāi	*ɸougeyantyābom	*ɸougeyantyābos
instrumental	*?	*ɸougeyantyābim	*ɸougeyantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸougeyont	*?	*ɸougeyonta
vocative	*ɸougeyont	*?	*ɸougeyonta
accusative	*ɸougeyont	*?	*ɸougeyonta
genitive	*ɸougeyantos	*?	*ɸougeyantom
dative	*ɸougeyantei	*?	*ɸougeyantbos
instrumental	*ɸougeyantī?	*?	*ɸougeyantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸougeyomnos	*ɸougeyomnou	*ɸougeyomnoi
vocative	*ɸougeyomne	*ɸougeyomnou	*ɸougeyomnoi
accusative	*ɸougeyomnom	*ɸougeyomnou	*ɸougeyomnons
genitive	*ɸougeyomnī	*ɸougeyomnous	*ɸougeyomnom
dative	*ɸougeyomnūi	*ɸougeyomnobom	*ɸougeyomnobos
instrumental	*ɸougeyomnū	*ɸougeyomnobim	*ɸougeyomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸougeyomnā	*ɸougeyomnai	*ɸougeyomnās
vocative	*ɸougeyomnā	*ɸougeyomnai	*ɸougeyomnās
accusative	*ɸougeyomnam	*ɸougeyomnai	*ɸougeyomnans
genitive	*ɸougeyomnās	*ɸougeyomnous	*ɸougeyomnom
dative	*ɸougeyomnai	*ɸougeyomnābom	*ɸougeyomnābos
instrumental	*?	*ɸougeyomnābim	*ɸougeyomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸougeyomnom	*ɸougeyomnou	*ɸougeyomnā
vocative	*ɸougeyomnom	*ɸougeyomnou	*ɸougeyomnā
accusative	*ɸougeyomnom	*ɸougeyomnou	*ɸougeyomnā
genitive	*ɸougeyomnī	*ɸougeyomnous	*ɸougeyomnom
dative	*ɸougeyomnūi	*ɸougeyomnobom	*ɸougeyomnobos
instrumental	*ɸougeyomnū	*ɸougeyomnobim	*ɸougeyomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸougetos	*ɸougetou	*ɸougetoi
vocative	*ɸougete	*ɸougetou	*ɸougetoi
accusative	*ɸougetom	*ɸougetou	*ɸougetons
genitive	*ɸougetī	*ɸougetous	*ɸougetom
dative	*ɸougetūi	*ɸougetobom	*ɸougetobos
instrumental	*ɸougetū	*ɸougetobim	*ɸougetobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸougetā	*ɸougetai	*ɸougetās
vocative	*ɸougetā	*ɸougetai	*ɸougetās
accusative	*ɸougetam	*ɸougetai	*ɸougetans
genitive	*ɸougetās	*ɸougetous	*ɸougetom
dative	*ɸougetai	*ɸougetābom	*ɸougetābos
instrumental	*?	*ɸougetābim	*ɸougetābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸougetom	*ɸougetou	*ɸougetā
vocative	*ɸougetom	*ɸougetou	*ɸougetā
accusative	*ɸougetom	*ɸougetou	*ɸougetā
genitive	*ɸougetī	*ɸougetous	*ɸougetom
dative	*ɸougetūi	*ɸougetobom	*ɸougetobos
instrumental	*ɸougetū	*ɸougetobim	*ɸougetobis

Descendants

• Old Irish: úaigid, ⇒ con·óigi
  • Middle Irish: úaigid
    • Irish: fuaigh
    • Scottish Gaelic: fuaigh
    • ⇒ Manx: fuaill (from the verbal noun)