Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸlengeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative reconstructions

*lengeti^[1]^[2] (fails to explain the preterite with -b-)

Etymology

A conflation of Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light; move lightly”) and another verb with initial *ɸ derived from the root of Proto-Germanic *springaną.^[3]^[4] See the Proto-Germanic entry for further etymology.

Verb

*ɸlengeti^[4]

to jump

Declension

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*ɸlengū	*ɸlengemam	*ɸiblanxsū	*ɸeblonga
2nd singular	*ɸlengesi	*ɸlengetās	*ɸiblanxsesi	*ɸeblongas?
3rd singular	*ɸlengeti	*ɸlengeto	*ɸiblanxseti	*ɸeblonge
1st plural	*ɸlengomosi	*ɸlengemo	*ɸiblanxsomosi	*ɸeblongmo
2nd plural	*ɸlengetesi	*ɸlengestē	*ɸiblanxsetesi	*ɸeblonxte
3rd plural	*ɸlengonti	*ɸlengento	*ɸiblanxsonti	*ɸeblongars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*ɸlenxsū	?	—
2nd singular	*ɸlenxsesi	?	*ɸlenge
3rd singular	*ɸlenxseti	?	*ɸlengetou
1st plural	*ɸlenxsomosi	?	*ɸlengomos
2nd plural	*ɸlenxsetesi	?	*ɸlengete
3rd plural	*ɸlenxsonti	?	*ɸlengontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*ɸlengūr	—	*ɸiblanxsūr	*ɸeblongra
2nd singular	*ɸlengetar	—	*ɸiblanxsetar	*ɸeblongras?
3rd singular	*ɸlengetor	?	*ɸiblanxsetor	*ɸeblongre
1st plural	*ɸlengommor	—	*ɸiblanxsommor	?
2nd plural	*ɸlengedwe	—	*ɸiblanxsedwe	?
3rd plural	*ɸlengontor	?	*ɸiblanxsontor	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*ɸlenxsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*ɸlenxsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*ɸlenxsetor	—	—
1st plural	*ɸlenxsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*ɸlenxsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*ɸlenxsontor	—	—

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸlanxtos	*ɸlanxtou	*ɸlanxtoi
vocative	*ɸlanxte	*ɸlanxtou	*ɸlanxtoi
accusative	*ɸlanxtom	*ɸlanxtou	*ɸlanxtoms
genitive	*ɸlanxtī	*ɸlanxtous	*ɸlanxtom
dative	*ɸlanxtūi	*ɸlanxtobom	*ɸlanxtobos
instrumental	*ɸlanxtū	*ɸlanxtobim	*ɸlanxtobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸlanxtā	*ɸlanxtai	*ɸlanxtās
vocative	*ɸlanxtā	*ɸlanxtai	*ɸlanxtās
accusative	*ɸlanxtam	*ɸlanxtai	*ɸlanxtams
genitive	*ɸlanxtās	*ɸlanxtous	*ɸlanxtom
dative	*ɸlanxtai	*ɸlanxtābom	*ɸlanxtābos
instrumental	*?	*ɸlanxtābim	*ɸlanxtābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸlanxtom	*ɸlanxtou	*ɸlanxtā
vocative	*ɸlanxtom	*ɸlanxtou	*ɸlanxtā
accusative	*ɸlanxtom	*ɸlanxtou	*ɸlanxtā
genitive	*ɸlanxtī	*ɸlanxtous	*ɸlanxtom
dative	*ɸlanxtūi	*ɸlanxtobom	*ɸlanxtobos
instrumental	*ɸlanxtū	*ɸlanxtobim	*ɸlanxtobis

Related terms

*lanxsman

Descendants

Old Irish: lingid
Gaulish: *lingeti
- Gaulish: *Lingones^[5]
  - → Latin: Lingones
    - French: Langres

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*leng-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 237
^ Koch, John (2004) “*long-(e)je/o-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 188
^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, 3.1.74, page 245
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 522-524
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “ling-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 203

[Matasovic-1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*leng-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 237

[2] Koch, John (2004) “*long-(e)je/o-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 188

[3] Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, 3.1.74, page 245

[KPV-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 522-524

[DLG-5] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “ling-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 203

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