Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/walu

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

**Proto-Austronesian cardinal numbers**
< 7	8	9 >
Cardinal : *walu

Etymology

Any etymology beyond this reconstructed form is controversial. Sagart (2004) considers it to have arisen after Proto-Austronesian proper, rather than from a compound from *ɣatep (“five”) +‎ *təlu (“three”), and relates it to Kulon-Pazeh xasebatulu (literally “five and three”), but Winter (2010) rejects this on phonological and historical grounds.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /walu/

Numeral

*walu

eight

Descendants

East Formosan:
- Kavalan: uwalu
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *walu
- East Barito:
  - Malagasy: valo
- Proto-Philippine:
  - Aklanon: waeo
  - Asi: wayo
  - Bikol Central: walo
  - Bolinao: walo
  - Botolan Sambal: walo
  - Brooke's Point Palawano: walu
  - Cebuano: walo
  - Cuyunon: walo
  - Dupaningan Agta: walu
  - Hiligaynon: walo
  - Ibanag: walu
  - Ilocano: walo
  - Proto-Kalamian:
    - Agutaynen: walo
  - Limos Kalinga: walu
  - Maguindanao: walu
  - Tagakaulu Kalagan: walu
  - Tagalog: walo
  - Waray-Waray: walo
  - Yami: awao
- Sama-Bajaw:
  - West Coast Bajau: wau'
- Celebic:
  - Lindu: uwalu
- Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
    - Proto-Oceanic:
      - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
        Fijian: walu
        Proto-Polynesian: *walu (see there for further descendants)
        Rotuman: vạlu
  - Timor-Babar:
    - Tetum: ualu
  - Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸ (wolu)
- Kaili-Pamona:
  - Uma: walu
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Madurese: ꦧꦭ꧀ꦭꦸꦃ
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    - Proto-Malayic: *walu

References

Sagart, Laurent. 2004. "The higher phylogeny of Austronesian and the position of Tai-Kadai." Oceanic Linguistics 43, 2:411–444.
Winter, Bodo. 2010. "A note on the higher phylogeny of Austronesian." Oceanic Linguistics 49, 1:282–287.