Capitolinus

Latin

The Capitoline Hill under Constantine the Great, Museum of Roman Civilization

Etymology

From Capitōlium (“Capitoline Hill”) +‎ -īnus (“-ine”, adjective-forming suffix), from the oblique stem of caput (“head”) + -ō (noun-forming suffix) or -ōlus (“-ole”, diminutive suffix) + -ium (suffix forming place names). As a proper noun, a clipping of Mons or Clivus Capitolinus (“Capitoline Hill”). As a cognomen, usually taken to be in reference to Marcus Manlius Capitolinus's legendary victory at the Capitoline Hill over an invasion by the Gauls in 390 BC although Mommsen believed it more likely in reference to the location of the family house (domus).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ka.pi.toːˈliː.nus/, [käpɪt̪oːˈlʲiːnʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ka.pi.toˈli.nus/, [käpit̪oˈliːnus]

Adjective

Capitōlīnus (feminine Capitōlīna, neuter Capitōlīnum); first/second-declension adjective

1. Capitoline

   quercus Capitōlīna

   Capitoline oak, a garland of oak-leaves awarded in the Capitoline games

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	Capitōlīnus	Capitōlīna	Capitōlīnum		Capitōlīnī	Capitōlīnae	Capitōlīna
genitive	Capitōlīnī	Capitōlīnae	Capitōlīnī		Capitōlīnōrum	Capitōlīnārum	Capitōlīnōrum
dative	Capitōlīnō	Capitōlīnae	Capitōlīnō		Capitōlīnīs
accusative	Capitōlīnum	Capitōlīnam	Capitōlīnum		Capitōlīnōs	Capitōlīnās	Capitōlīna
ablative	Capitōlīnō	Capitōlīnā	Capitōlīnō		Capitōlīnīs
vocative	Capitōlīne	Capitōlīna	Capitōlīnum		Capitōlīnī	Capitōlīnae	Capitōlīna

Proper noun

Capitōlīnus m sg (genitive Capitōlīnī); second declension

1. Synonym of Capitōlium, the Capitoline Hill
2. Capitoline, an epithet of Jupiter in reference to his temple on the Capitoline Hill
3. (chiefly in the plural) One of the Capitolini, the priests who directed the Capitoline Games
4. A Roman cognomen of the gens Manlia

   Marcus Manlius Capitolinus

    

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	Capitōlīnus	Capitōlīnī
genitive	Capitōlīnī	Capitōlīnōrum
dative	Capitōlīnō	Capitōlīnīs
accusative	Capitōlīnum	Capitōlīnōs
ablative	Capitōlīnō	Capitōlīnīs
vocative	Capitōlīne	Capitōlīnī

Descendants

• English: Capitoline
• Italian: capitolino
• → Koine Greek: Καπετώλιος (Kapetṓlios) (semi-learned)

Further reading

• “Capitolinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Capitolinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Capitolinus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Capitolinus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 260.
• Capitolinus in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 981
• “Capitolinus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers