Appendix:Turkish monosyllabic words

Below are lists of Turkish monosyllabic nouns and adjectives, with obvious loanwords (such as çay 'tea') excluded.

Alphabetically

aç 'hungry, greedy'
ad 'name'
ağ 'net'
ait 'pertaining to'
ak 'white'
al 'red, trick'
alp 'hero'
alt 'bottom'
am 'vagina' (vulgar)
an 'boundary, mind, perception'
ar 'shame'
art 'back'
arz 'presentation'
aş 'cooked food'
at 'horse'
av 'hunt'
ay 'moon'
az 'few'
bal 'honey'
bay 'gentleman'
bağ 'bond, bandage, vineyard'
baş 'head'
bel 'waist, spade'
ben 'I'
beş 'five'
bin 'thousand'
bir 'one'
bit 'louse'
biz 'we'
bok 'excrement' (vulgar)
bol 'plentiful'
borç 'debt, loan'
boş 'empty, free'
boy 'height, stature, length'
boz 'uncultivated (land)'
bu 'this'
bun 'anxiety, crisis' (rare)
buz 'ice'
bön 'silly'
büz 'cement pipe'
cam 'glass'
cep 'pocket'
cet 'grandfather, ancestor'
cız 'hissing sound'
cop 'stick, club, truncheon'
çam 'pine'
çan 'bell, gong'
çap 'diameter'
çağ 'time, era'
çat 'junction, intersection; sudden, sharp noise'
çit 'hedge, piece of cloth'
çiğ 'dew'
çın 'true'
çıt 'light cracking sound'
çok 'many'
çor 'illness, worry' (rare)
çöl 'desert, wilderness'
çöp 'garbage'
çul 'haircloth, horsecloth'
dağ 'mountain'
dal 'branch'
dam 'roof, small shelter'
dar 'narrow'
daz 'bald, bare (earth)'
dek 'trick'
dem 'breath, moment'
den 'tact'
dert 'trouble'
dev 'giant'
dik 'perpendicular, straight'
dil 'tongue'
dip 'bottom'
diz 'knee'
diş 'tooth'
dış 'out'
don 'frost'
döl 'seed, offspring'
dört 'four'
dul 'widow'
dut 'mulberry'
dün 'yesterday'
düş 'dream'
düz 'straight, flat'
ek 'extension, appendage'
el 'hand, stranger, tribe'
em 'medicine'
en 'huge, most'
er 'male'
es 'rest (music)'
eş 'spouse, mate'
et 'meat'
ev 'house'
geç 'late'
gem 'bit (of a bridle)'
gen 'wide, vast, uncultivated'
genç 'young'
giz 'secret'
göç 'migration'
gök 'sky'
göl 'lake'
gön 'tanned leather'
görk 'beauty' (rare)
göt 'anus, buttocks' (vulgar)
göz 'eye'
güç 'power, difficult'
gül 'rose' (< Persian?)
güm 'booming sound'
gün 'day'
gür 'abundant, dense'
güz 'autumn'
hal 'condition, attitude, strength'
halk 'people, folk'
ham 'unripe, raw'
han 'khan'
hap 'pill'
harç 'mortar'
harp 'war'
has 'special, personal, pure'
hat 'line'
hav 'down (of animals)'
haz 'pleasure'
hem 'also, furthermore'
hep 'all, whole'
her 'every, each'
hiç 'never'
his 'sense, feeling'
hız 'speed'
hoş 'pleasing'
höl 'dampness'
huş 'birch'
huy 'habit, character'
hür 'free'
iç 'inside'
iğ 'spindle'
il 'province, country'
ilk 'first'
im 'sign'
in 'den (of animal), cave'
ip 'rope'
is 'soot'
iş 'work'
it 'dog'
iz 'footprint, track, evidence (fig.)'
ırk 'race, lineage'
ırz 'honor, chastity'
ıs 'owner' (archaic)
kaç 'how many'
kak 'dried fruit, cavity where rainwater collects'
kal 'smelting'
kan 'blood'
kanş 'hairgrass'
kap 'pot, container'
kar 'snow'
kas 'muscle'
kaş 'eyebrow'
kat 'story, floor, layer'
kay 'vomiting'
kaz 'stupid, goose'
kel 'bald, bare, ringworm'
kem 'bad, evil, deficient'
kent 'town, city'
kes 'thick straw for burning'
keş 'skim-milk cheese' (< French?)
kez 'times (repetitions)'
kim 'who'
kir 'dirt, filth'
kıç 'buttocks'
kıl 'animal hair'
kın 'sheath'
kır 'open country, prairie, gray'
kırk 'forty; large indefinite number/quantity'
kış 'winter'
kıt 'scarce, insufficient'
kız 'girl'
koç 'ram'
kol 'arm'
kor 'ember, live coal'
kov 'gossip'
koz 'opportunity, walnut'
kök 'root'
kör 'blind, dull'
kös 'a big drum'
köy 'village'
kul 'slave'
kum 'sand'
kurk 'broody hen'
kurt 'worm, wolf'
kuş 'bird'
kuz 'shadowy, shady (side)'
kül 'ash, whole'
küm 'small heap' (rare)
küp 'large earthenware jar'
kürk 'fur'
küt 'blunt, short and thick, knocking sound'
lor 'goat's milk curd'
mal 'property, herd (of cattle)'
mas 'sucking, absorbing'
meç 'piece of hair, rapier'
met 'high tide'
mey 'wine' (archaic)
mil 'silt, pivot'
mıh 'nail' (loanword?)
mor 'purple'
mum 'candle, wax'
ne 'what'
o 'he, it'
od 'fire'
ok 'arrow'
om 'head (of a bone), tree stump'
on 'ten'
ot 'grass'
oy 'opinion, vote'
öç 'revenge'
öd 'bile, gall'
öl 'wetness'
ön 'front'
ör 'fence, barrier' (rare)
örs 'anvil'
öz 'pure, essence'
pak 'clean, pure, holy'
pal 'a species of pigeon'
pas 'rust'
pek 'hard, very much'
pes 'low, soft (voice); defeated'
peş 'back, rear'
piç 'illegitimate child'
pis 'dirty'
pır 'whizzing, whirring'
pıt 'sound of dripping water'
pul 'scale, flake, stamp'
pus 'mist; moss, web'
put 'idol'
saç 'hair'
sağ 'right, alive, healthy'
sak 'alert, vigilant' (dialect)
sal 'raft'
san 'reputation, title'
sap 'stem'
sarp 'steep, difficult'
sav 'word, assertion, statement'
saz 'reed, stringed instrument'
sel 'torrent, violent flood'
sen 'you'
sert 'hard, violent'
ses 'sound'
set 'barrier, dam, terrace'
sik 'penis' (vulgar)
sim 'silver' (not common)
sin 'grave, tomb; age' (archaic)
sis 'fog'
siz 'you all'
sık 'dense'
sığ 'shallow, sandbank'
sır 'secret, glaze (on pottery)'
sırt 'back'
sol 'left'
som 'solid, pure'
son 'last'
soy 'race, lineage, breed'
söz 'word'
su 'water'
suç 'crime'
sur 'city wall, rampart'^[1]
süs 'ornament'
süt 'milk'
şak 'sharp cracking sound'
şan 'glory, renown'
şap 'alum'
şart 'condition'
şer 'evil'
şerç 'anus'
şev 'slope'
şiş 'skewer, swollen'
şom 'inauspicious, bad luck'
şu 'that'
taç 'crown'
tam 'entire'
taş 'stone'
tat 'taste'
tav 'annealing, correct condition (for process)'
tay 'foal, coat; equal'
tek 'single'
tel 'thread, wire'
ten 'body (archaic), skin, flesh'
ter 'sweat'
terk 'abandonment'
ters 'reverse'
tez 'quick, prompt'
tin 'spirit, soul (philosophy)' (< Arabic?)
tiz 'high-pitched sound'
tok 'saturated, full'
top 'ball'
tor 'wild, raw; fine-meshed net'
toy 'feast, immature'
toz 'dust'
töz 'root, base, ore'
tuğ 'horsetail crest/plume (sign of rank)'
tul 'length'
tunç 'bronze'
tuz 'salt'
tüm 'all, entire'
tün 'night' (archaic)
tür 'kind, type, species'
türk 'Turk'
tüy 'feather'
tığ 'hooked/knitting needle, awl'
tıp 'science of medicine'
uç 'tip, end'
un 'flour'
ur 'tumor, gall'
us 'mind, reason'
ut 'shame, shamefulness; lute'
uz 'suitable, able; far'
üç 'three'
ün 'voice, fame'
üs 'base, foundation'
üst 'top'
var 'existential'
ve 'and'
vık 'squeak', vın 'humming', vır 'nagging', vız 'buzz'
yad 'stranger, enemy'
yağ 'fat'
yal 'mash/gruel for dogs/cattle' (rare)
yan 'side'
yar 'cliff, precipice'
yaş 'damp, fresh'
yat 'armor, arms' (archaic)
yay 'bow'
yaz 'summer'
yel 'wind'
yem 'fodder, bait'
yen 'cuff, sleeve'
yer 'place, earth'
yin 'body' (rare)
yiv 'groove, flute (of column)'
yıl 'year'
yır 'song'
yok 'negative existential'
yol 'road'
yoz 'wild, uncultivated, undomesticated'
yön 'direction, angle'
yurt 'home, homeland'
yük 'load, burden'
yün 'wool'
yüz 'hundred, face, reason'
zil 'cymbal, bell'
zor 'difficult'

By semantic category

Body

am 'vagina' (vulgar)
art 'back'
baş 'head'
bel 'waist, spade'
bok 'excrement' (vulgar)
dil 'tongue'
diş 'tooth'
diz 'knee'
el 'hand'
göt 'anus, buttocks' (vulgar)
göz 'eye'
kan 'blood'
kas 'muscle'
kaş 'eyebrow'
kay 'vomiting'
kıç 'buttocks'
kıl 'animal hair'
kol 'arm'
meç 'piece of hair, rapier'
om 'head (of a bone), tree stump'
öd 'bile, gall'
saç 'hair'
şerç 'anus'
sik 'penis' (vulgar)
sırt 'back'
tat 'taste'
ten 'body (archaic), skin, flesh'
ter 'sweat'
ur 'tumor, gall'
yin 'body' (rare)
yüz 'hundred, face, reason'

Nature

Full list

ay 'moon'
buz 'ice'
çam 'pine'
çiğ 'dew'
çöl 'desert, wilderness'
dağ 'mountain'
dal 'branch'
daz 'bald, bare (earth)'
don 'frost'
dut 'mulberry'
gök 'sky'
göl 'lake'
gül 'rose' (< Persian?)
gün 'day'
huş 'birch'
is 'soot'
kak 'dried fruit, cavity where rainwater collects'
kanş 'hairgrass'
kar 'snow'
kir 'dirt, filth'
kır 'open country, prairie, gray'
kor 'ember, live coal'
koz 'opportunity, walnut'
kök 'root'
kum 'sand'
kül 'ash, whole'
met 'high tide'
mil 'silt, pivot'
od 'fire'
ot 'grass'
pus 'mist; moss, web'
sap 'stem'
ses 'sound'
sığ 'shallow, sandbank'
sim 'silver' (not common)
sis 'fog'
su 'water'
taş 'stone'
toz 'dust'
töz 'root, base, ore'
tuz 'salt'
yar 'cliff, precipice'
yel 'wind'
yer 'place, earth'

Weather and astronomy

ay 'moon'
buz 'ice'
çiğ 'dew'
don 'frost'
gök 'sky'
gün 'day'
pus 'mist; moss, web'
sis 'fog'
su 'water'
yel 'wind'

Fire

is 'soot'
kor 'ember, live coal'
od 'fire'
kül 'ash, whole'

Geography

çöl 'desert, wilderness'
dağ 'mountain'
göl 'lake'
kak 'dried fruit, cavity where rainwater collects'
kar 'snow'
kır 'open country, prairie, gray'
kum 'sand'
met 'high tide'
mil 'silt, pivot'
sığ 'shallow, sandbank'
sim 'silver' (not common)
taş 'stone'
toz 'dust'
töz 'root, base, ore'
tuz 'salt'
yar 'cliff, precipice'
yer 'place, earth'

Waste and barrenness

boz 'uncultivated (land)'
çöp 'garbage'
çöl 'desert, wilderness'
daz 'bald, bare (earth)'
kel 'bald, bare, ringworm'
kır 'open country, prairie, gray'
tor 'wild, raw; fine-meshed net'
yoz 'wild, uncultivated, undomesticated'

Plants

çam 'pine'
dut 'mulberry'
gül 'rose' (< Persian?)
huş 'birch'
kak 'dried fruit, cavity where rainwater collects'
kanş 'hairgrass'
koz 'opportunity, walnut'
kök 'root'
ot 'grass'
pus 'mist; moss, web'
sap 'stem'

Others

kir 'dirt, filth'
ses 'sound'

Life on the steppes

Full list

ağ 'net'
alp 'hero'
ar 'shame'
aş 'cooked food'
bel 'waist, spade'
at 'horse'
av 'hunt'
bağ 'bond, bandage, vineyard'
bal 'honey'
bit 'louse'
borç 'debt, loan'
boz 'uncultivated (land)'
cam 'glass'
cep 'pocket'
cop 'stick, club, truncheon'
çan 'bell, gong'
çit 'hedge, piece of cloth'
çöp 'garbage'
çul 'haircloth, horsecloth'
dam 'roof, small shelter'
dek 'trick'
düş 'dream'
el 'hand, stranger, tribe'
em 'medicine'
et 'meat'
ev 'house'
gem 'bit (of a bridle)'
göç 'migration'
gön 'tanned leather'
güç 'power, difficult'
halk 'people, folk'
han 'khan'
hap 'pill'
harç 'mortar'
harp 'war'
hav 'down (of animals)'
iğ 'spindle'
il 'province, country'
im 'sign'
in 'den (of animal), cave'
ip 'rope'
iş 'work'
it 'dog'
iz 'footprint, track, evidence (fig.)'
ırk 'race, lineage'
ırz 'honor, chastity'
ıs 'owner' (archaic)
kap 'pot, container'
kat 'story, floor, layer'
kel 'bald, bare, ringworm'
kent 'town, city'
kes 'thick straw for burning'
keş 'skim-milk cheese' (< French?)
kın 'sheath'
koç 'ram'
kov 'gossip'
koz 'opportunity, walnut'
kös 'a big drum'
köy 'village'
kul 'slave'
kurk 'broody hen'
kurt 'worm, wolf'
kuş 'bird'
küp 'large earthenware jar'
kürk 'fur'
mal 'property, herd (of cattle)'
meç 'piece of hair, rapier'
mey 'wine' (archaic)
mıh 'nail' (loanword?)
mum 'candle, wax'
ok 'arrow'
oy 'opinion, vote'
öç 'revenge'
ör 'fence, barrier' (rare)
örs 'anvil'
pak 'clean, pure, holy'
pal 'a species of pigeon'
pas 'rust'
pul 'scale, flake, stamp'
put 'idol'
sal 'raft'
san 'reputation, title'
sav 'word, assertion, statement'
saz 'reed, stringed instrument'
set 'barrier, dam, terrace'
sin 'grave, tomb; age' (archaic)
sır 'secret, glaze (on pottery)'
soy 'race, lineage, breed'
sur 'city wall, rampart'^[1]
söz 'word'
suç 'crime'
süs 'ornament'
süt 'milk'
şap 'alum'
şan 'glory, renown'
şom 'inauspicious, bad luck'
taç 'crown'
tav 'annealing, correct condition (for process)'
tay 'foal, coat; equal'
tel 'thread, wire'
tin 'spirit, soul (philosophy)' (< Arabic?)
tığ 'hooked/knitting needle, awl'
tıp 'science of medicine'
top 'ball'
tor 'wild, raw; fine-meshed net'
toy 'feast, immature'
tuğ 'horsetail crest/plume (sign of rank)'
tunç 'bronze'
türk 'Turk'
tüy 'feather'
un 'flour'
us 'mind, reason'
ut 'shame, shamefulness; lute'
ün 'voice, fame'
yağ 'fat'
yad 'stranger, enemy'
yal 'mash/gruel for dogs/cattle' (rare)
yat 'armor, arms' (archaic)
yay 'bow'
yem 'fodder, bait'
yen 'cuff, sleeve'
yiv 'groove, flute (of column)'
yır 'song'
yol 'road'
yoz 'wild, uncultivated, undomesticated'
yurt 'home, homeland'
yük 'load, burden'
yün 'wool'
zil 'cymbal, bell'

Animals and pastoralism

ağ 'net'
aş 'cooked food'
at 'horse'
av 'hunt'
bal 'honey'
bit 'louse'
çul 'haircloth, horsecloth'
et 'meat'
gem 'bit (of a bridle)'
göç 'migration'
gön 'tanned leather'
hav 'down (of animals)'
in 'den (of animal), cave'
iz 'footprint, track, evidence (fig.)'
it 'dog'
kel 'bald, bare, ringworm'
kes 'thick straw for burning'
keş 'skim-milk cheese' (< French?)
koç 'ram'
kurk 'broody hen'
kurt 'worm, wolf'
kuş 'bird'
kürk 'fur'
lor 'goat's milk curd'
mal 'property, herd (of cattle)'
ok 'arrow'
pal 'a species of pigeon'
süt 'milk'
tay 'foal, coat; equal'
tüy 'feather'
un 'flour'
yağ 'fat'
yal 'mash/gruel for dogs/cattle' (rare)
yem 'fodder, bait'
yol 'road'
yük 'load, burden'
yün 'wool'

Material culture

(Does not include pastoralism-related technology.)

bel 'waist, spade'
cam 'glass'
cep 'pocket'
cop 'stick, club, truncheon'
çan 'bell, gong'
çit 'hedge, piece of cloth'
em 'medicine'
hap 'pill'
harç 'mortar'
iğ 'spindle'
ip 'rope'
kal 'smelting'
kap 'pot, container'
kın 'sheath'
kös 'a big drum'
küp 'large earthenware jar'
meç 'piece of hair, rapier'
mey 'wine' (archaic)
mıh 'nail' (loanword?)
mum 'candle, wax'
örs 'anvil'
pas 'rust'
pul 'scale, flake, stamp'
put 'idol'
sal 'raft'
saz 'reed, stringed instrument'
set 'barrier, dam, terrace'
sır 'secret, glaze (on pottery)'
süs 'ornament'
şap 'alum'
tav 'annealing, correct condition (for process)'
tel 'thread, wire'
tığ 'hooked/knitting needle, awl'
tıp 'science of medicine'
top 'ball'
tor 'wild, raw; fine-meshed net'
tunç 'bronze'
ut 'shame, shamefulness; lute'
yat 'armor, arms' (archaic)
yay 'bow'
yen 'cuff, sleeve'
yiv 'groove, flute (of column)'
zil 'cymbal, bell'

Dwellings

çöp 'garbage'
dam 'roof, small shelter'
ev 'house'
kat 'story, floor, layer'
kent 'town, city'
köy 'village'
ör 'fence, barrier' (rare)
sur 'city wall, rampart'^[1]

Society

alp 'hero'
ar 'shame'
bağ 'bond, bandage, vineyard'
borç 'debt, loan'
el 'hand, stranger, tribe'
güç 'power, difficult'
halk 'people, folk'
han 'khan'
harp 'war'
il 'province, country'
ırk 'race, lineage'
ırz 'honor, chastity'
ıs 'owner' (archaic)
kov 'gossip'
kul 'slave'
oy 'opinion, vote'
öç 'revenge'
pak 'clean, pure, holy'
san 'reputation, title'
sav 'word, assertion, statement'
sin 'grave, tomb; age' (archaic)
soy 'race, lineage, breed'
söz 'word'
suç 'crime'
şan 'glory, renown'
şom 'inauspicious, bad luck'
taç 'crown'
toy 'feast, immature'
tuğ 'horsetail crest/plume (sign of rank)'
ut 'shame, shamefulness; lute'
ün 'voice, fame'
yad 'stranger, enemy'
yır 'song'
yurt 'home, homeland'

Others

dek 'trick'
düş 'dream'
im 'sign'
iş 'work'
koz 'opportunity, walnut'
tin 'spirit, soul (philosophy)' (< Arabic?)

Kinship

ad 'name'
bay 'gentleman'
cet 'grandfather, ancestor'
döl 'seed, offspring'
dul 'widow'
er 'male'
eş 'spouse, mate'
genç 'young'
kız 'girl'
piç 'illegitimate child'

Pronouns

ben 'I'
biz 'we'
o 'he, it'
sen 'you'
siz 'you all'

Numbers

bin 'thousand'
bir 'one'
beş 'five'
dört 'four'
kırk 'forty; large indefinite number/quantity'
on 'ten'
üç 'three'
yüz 'hundred, face, reason'

Measurements

bol 'plentiful'
boş 'empty, free'
boy 'height, stature, length'
çap 'diameter'
dar 'narrow'
dev 'giant'
dik 'perpendicular, straight'
düz 'straight, flat'
ek 'extension, appendage'
gen 'wide, vast, uncultivated'
tul 'length'

Basic quantities

az 'few'
çok 'many'
en 'huge, most'
gür 'abundant, dense'
hep 'all, whole'
her 'every, each'
hiç 'never'
kaç 'how many'
kıt 'scarce, insufficient'
küm 'small heap' (rare)
tam 'entire'
tek 'single'
tüm 'all, entire'

Direction

alt 'bottom'
an 'boundary, mind, perception'
bu 'this'
çat 'junction, intersection; sudden, sharp noise'
dip 'bottom'
dış 'out'
hat 'line'
iç 'inside'
kuz 'shadowy, shady (side)'
ön 'front'
peş 'back, rear'
sağ 'right'
sol 'left'
şev 'slope'
şu 'that'
ters 'reverse'
uç 'tip, end'
uz 'suitable, able; far'
üs 'base, foundation'
üst 'top'
yan 'side'
yön 'direction, angle'

Time

çağ 'time, era'
dem 'breath, moment'
dün 'yesterday'
es 'rest (music)'
gün 'day'
güz 'autumn'
ilk 'first'
kez 'times (repetitions)'
kış 'winter'
son 'last'
tün 'night' (archaic)
yaz 'summer'
yıl 'year'

Sounds

cız 'hissing sound'
çat 'junction, intersection; sudden, sharp noise'
çıt 'light cracking sound'
güm 'booming sound'
küt 'blunt, short and thick, knocking sound'
pes 'low, soft (voice); defeated'
pır 'whizzing, whirring'
pıt 'sound of dripping water'
şak 'sharp cracking sound'
ses 'sound'
tiz 'high-pitched sound'
vık 'squeak'
vın 'humming'
vır 'nagging'
vız 'buzz'

Descriptive words

aç 'hungry, greedy'
ak 'white'
al 'red, trick'
arz 'presentation'
bön 'silly'
bun 'anxiety, crisis' (rare)
çın 'true'
çor 'illness, worry' (rare)
den 'tact'
dert 'trouble'
geç 'late'
giz 'secret'
görk 'beauty' (rare)
güç 'power, difficult'
ham 'unripe, raw'
has 'special, personal, pure'
hal 'condition, attitude, strength'
haz 'pleasure'
his 'sense, feeling'
hız 'speed'
hoş 'pleasing'
höl 'dampness'
huy 'habit, character'
hür 'free'
kaz 'stupid, goose'
kel 'bald, bare, ringworm'
kem 'bad, evil, deficient'
kör 'blind, dull'
küt 'blunt, short and thick, knocking sound'
mas 'sucking, absorbing'
mor 'purple'
öl 'wetness'
öz 'pure, essence'
pek 'hard, very much'
pes 'low, soft (voice); defeated'
pis 'dirty'
sağ 'alive, healthy'
sak 'alert, vigilant' (dialect)
sarp 'steep, difficult'
sert 'hard, violent'
sığ 'shallow, sandbank'
sık 'dense'
sır 'secret', 'glaze' (on pottery)
şart 'condition'
şer 'evil'
şiş 'skewer, swollen'
terk 'abandonment'
tez 'quick, prompt'
tok 'saturated, full'
tor 'wild, raw; fine-meshed net'
toy 'feast, immature'
tür 'kind, type, species'
uz 'suitable, able; far'
yaş 'damp, fresh'
yoz 'wild, uncultivated, undomesticated'
zor 'difficult'

Function words

ait 'pertaining to'
hem 'also, furthermore'
kim 'who'
ne 'what'
var 'existential'
ve 'and'
yok 'negative existential'

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Also means 'wedding' (archaic), 'good luck, success', 'trumpet'.

External links

Turkish monosyllabic verbs

[sur-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Also means 'wedding' (archaic), 'good luck, success', 'trumpet'.

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